70 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



right over the Sierras, a distance of about 80 miles. Constantino 

 had been directed by his father to take us to the house of a friend, so 

 that we Avere spared the horrors of the sack of straw, etc., as related by 

 Mr. Sheldon (Knt. Her., vol. xviii., pp. 98). While we thawed in 

 front of a large log tire in the kitchen, Constantino gave orders for our 

 supper, which Avas ready about 9.30 p.m. — nine hours since our al 

 fresco lunch. We were relieved to find our hostess a good cook, and 

 the beds quite clean, although the fact that our host was the village 

 butcher, and that his slaughterhouse was just under our window had 

 to be ignored. By the wajs future visitors to these villages are 

 advised to carry their own dinner knives, as every Spaniard carries 

 his own, and the entire stock in some of the houses in which we stayed 

 consisted of one. 



We found the K. zapateri ground about a quarter of an hour's walk 

 from the village, and on August 14th we paid our first visit to it. We 

 soon discovered them flying gently among dwarf oak scrub, their short 

 flights broken by intervals of rest. Finding them easy to capture, but 

 the oak shrub rather troublesome to our nets, we crossed to more open 

 ground beside a tiny runnel of water, which trickled down a peaty 

 slope. Here we found many more settling with outspread wings on damp 

 spots, while others were feeding on quite dwarf flowers of autumn 

 crocus, and on stunted sprigs of heather. Thej' are difficult to rouse 

 when feeding, the females feigning death or dodging under the net. 

 We went back to lunch and then returned to the same spot about 

 8.0 p.m. The sun was still shining, the air being warm, and the 

 zapateri ground sheltered. W^e however only took six specimens ; no 

 others were to be seen in the identical spots we had worked in the 

 morning. Other butterflies were also absent with the exception of a 

 couple of worn Parnassins apollo. We resumed collecting the next 

 day, the morning being cloudy with sunshine at intervals. We took a 

 fair number; some were flying, but many were at rest on the ground, 

 on leaves of the scrub, and on chips of wood ; others were feeding 

 on the heather. They often required rousing before they would fly, 

 and then on]}- flitted for a short distance, just over and among the 

 herbage. We took one specimen this day with no eye-spots on the 

 upper side of the primaries. 



There was very little else about except H. seinde and Pi/rf/iis proto. 

 The zapateri collecting was as pretty a bit as we had in Spain — the air 

 delightfully cool, dry, and bracing ; the ground an easy saunter from 

 the village, and sheltered from the wind, the glorious sunshine reveal- 

 ing through the pine woods on the slopes an extensive view of the 

 apparently limitless " campo " of Aragon, some 3,000 feet below us. 

 Bronchales should have a fine future before it as a health resort. 

 As a matter of fact the Valencians are already aware of its virtues,. 

 and a large number of them were there at the time of our visit, making 

 accommodation for the chance visitor rather precarious. 



We lelt on August 16th, and with our guide Constantino Martinez,, 

 traversed the Sierras for some hours (a most delightful mule ride), 

 until we struck the carriage road to Albarracin, and thenceforward 

 the romance of our journey was over. Travelling along a road was a 

 tame affair compared with crossing the glorious slopes above. We 

 were now in Aragon and immediately noticed a dift'erence in the type 

 of people, dress, etc. W'e found Albarracin extremely hot after 



