LEPIDOPTERA IN THE WYE VALLEY DURING 1912. 129 



Lieut. -Col. Manders, by his temperature experiments on 

 Liiimas chrysippiis and tJypolinmas umippvs, has endeavoured to 

 do what most opponents have not attempted, or when attempting 

 have failed, r/c, to furnish an explanation of the marvellous likeness 

 subsisting between presumed model and presumed mimic, and 

 after a careful perusal of his paper as published (1912, Trans. Ent. 

 Soc. Loud., page 445), I am bound to say 1 think he too has failed. 

 Had he succeeded in demonstrating that temperature and (or) moisture 

 had caused the remarkable similarity of the Danaine and Nymphaline, 

 then indeed, as Prof. Poulton remarked at the time, the major part of 

 the theories would have been so shaken that the residue would hardly 

 have been worth propping up. (Prof. Poulton in lit., October 11th, 

 1912, informs me that this is how his remark, made in discussion 

 after Lieut. -Col. Manders' paper, should have been understood, and not 

 as some of those present believed and indeed informed me as denoting 

 that Prof. Poulton thought Lieut. -Col. Manders had succeeded in 

 establishing his point or in damaging the theories.) 



That moisture and heat do not afi'ect coloration I do not attempt 

 to contend, the rule apparently being that island races are darker than 

 races from the adjacent continents. 



{To be continued.) 



Lepidoptera in the Wye Valley during 1912. 



By J. F. BIRD. 



[Concluded from par/e 89.) 



July 2nd. — Carculrina alsines. 



July 3rd. — Xola cncidlatella, Afjrotis sef/etinn, Lp.ucania coniijera, 

 and Lifjdia adiistata (perhaps the first appearance of the second 

 brood) . 



July 4th. — Loinospilis inarf/inata, Acidalia bisetata, Timandra amata 

 (aniataria) and Amoebe viridaria (very worn). 



July 5th. — Xylopliasia monofjliipha. 



July 6th. — Aijlais nrticae (first brood), ApJiantopits hijperantns, 

 T/tijatira batis, Caradrina (juadripunrtata, Heiitithaea aestivaria, 

 Cidaria populata (a new record for me in St. Briavels) and Chesias 

 obliquaria (also bred on March 18th from a Tintern larva). 



July 7th. — Zonosoma annulata. 



July 8th. — Cidaria picata. C. pritnata. — A few netted at dusk and 

 also bred from larvfe (Tintern and St. Briavels), 



July 10th. — Coenonympha pamphilns (second brood), Netodonta 

 droDiedarias, $ (bred), Triphaena orbona (bred), Calynmia affinis 

 (Tintern, bred from larvae off wych-elm) and Cidaria pyraliata. 



July 11th. — Cosmotriche potatoria (bred). 



July 12th. — Polyommatus icarus (second brood). 



July 13th. — Pinna moneta, $ . — Netted at dusk, as it was flying 

 over bramble-blossom at the edge of a wood. 



July 14th. — Polyyonia c-albam. — This, the summer brood, lasted 

 up to September 15th. Leiocampa dictaeoides. — One bred from a larva 

 obtained in 1910, and had therefore passed through two winters in 

 the pupal stage. Melanippe nnani/idata. 



July 15th. — Pieris napi (second brood). Chattendenia ir-album.~On 



