220 THE ENTOMOI.Oai«T's KECOKD. 



that I lirst saw the big black and white Danaine butterfly Man<ialim 

 albata. It was not common, and flew high in the air. Apparently it 

 likes the bare open summit of the crater as much as the woodland, and 

 on the Gedeh and Kawah Manoek, further West, it flew in the thickest 

 parts of the virgin forest. Resting on the plants under the tjemaras 

 a large and handsome long-winged Abraxas conlhwntaria, Warr., was 

 common, which Doherty took on the neighbouring volcano, the 

 Arjoeno, while on their trunks was an occasional worn Boarmiid, and 

 two specimens of a Cidaria were taken. Beyond this wood is the 

 loveliest display of flowers which I saw in the tropics. There is a 

 shallow valley with here and there a rough mass of volcanic rock. A 

 few small tjemaras and mimosas break its monotony, but the whole 

 valley is blue with the gigantic Bromo forget-me-not ; here and there 

 the large yellow blooms of a big St. John's wort afford a striking 

 contrast. A tall green spurge is common, and a herbaceous plant six 

 or eight feet high, with flowers stiff-petalled like the everlasting flower, 

 brackens, and an occasional tree-fern, were seen. Other large and 

 showy plants grew here, amongst them one with orange flowers, and a 

 yellow-blossomed leguminous plant. Amongst the smaller plants I 

 noticed a species of dead nettle, a buttercup {i!tiniiiici(liis), a violet 

 (Viola), a pale yellow Calceolaria, a beautiful blue-flowered leguminous 

 plant with a clover-like leaf, a Thalictntiii, and sorrel and dock (liiiiiiex). 

 In spite of all the flowers, butterflies were very scarce, and I only saw 

 one additional species, the pale blue C!/airiri>i akasa, much the shape 

 of t". arfiiolua, but with black tips to the forewing in both sexes. 

 Many were drinking at the damp patches on the path. Further on a 

 stream crossed the path, and along its course grew clumps of giant 

 nettle ten feet high, and near them Fi/ra^ieiti dejeani was abundant. 

 The species is like /'. atalanta in markings, but the white and red are 

 replaced by a dark cream, and the black by dark brown. It flies 

 swiftly, but does not travel far, and often settles on the path with 

 wings spread in the sunshine, and when it rains a good many can be 

 found at rest on the upper side of the nettle leaves. The larva was quite 

 common, living singly in a closed-up leaf, and though I failed to find a 

 pupa, I shook out an imago whose wings had not yet begun to 

 expand. The larva is much like the darker form of P. atalanta. 

 Wherever the banks were steep and covered with long grass and rough 

 herbage, Geometers were abundant, especially near the crater wall. 

 The vast majority proved to be the very variable XunthorrJwv hulifica, 

 Warr., and one L)i/s!<troi)ia citrata {ii)niia)iata) was caught, and a 

 conspicuous moth with shining deep brown forewings and pale straw- 

 coloured hindwings, with a sharp cut black border, I'hotoscotosia 

 viiiltijilicata, Warr., was common, and easily disturbed. Here, too, I 

 caught a fine brown and white Deileiiiera, a species unrepresented in the 

 British Museum, and a small semitransparent Syntomid, a species also 

 hitherto undiscovered and since named (Jallitomis p/iaeosoma, Hmpsn. 

 Later I took tAvo more near the hotel. It is much like L'allitomis 

 iloherti/i, first discovered by Doherty on the Arjoeno, but the abdomen 

 is black instead of yellow. The group is common in Java and I found 

 another new species, C. midticincta, Hmpsn., with white spots on the 

 forewings and a yellow ringed abdomen, on the summit of the Kawah 

 Manoek volcano near some pools of boiling mud. The other days I 

 was there I caught scarcely any more species, but every night at the 



