244 THE entomologist's record. 



have netted up till now on the Glarnisch ; still I may perhaps have 

 overlooked them. After having taken sub-sp. jucunda [tienevends), the 

 Geneva local form of Antlirocera {Zi/t/ania) faiista, in large numbers, at 

 an altitude of 6,000ft., in 1908, curiously enough I captured this sum- 

 mer, at 3,200ft., a single specimen evidently just emerged from the 

 pupa, though nearly a month later in the season than those taken so 

 much higher up five years ago. Now A. (Zi/naena) fausta is a southerner 

 only represented in Switzerland by a fine large form at Tramelan, 

 and by our quaint little friend sub-sp. jucimda, so long supposed to 

 have only one home, the foot of the Saleve, which, by the way, is not in 

 Geneva but in France. In 1901 I had the pleasure of finding a few 

 sub-sp. J»c/(»r/a on the Vanil Noir, in the Gruyeres. In 1903 my friend 

 Dr. Denso took it on the Jura, not far from Geneva (but in France), 

 and since then it has been recaptured by Dr. Pictet, at the foot of the 

 Diablerets, the place where the first var. jucunda had been taken by 

 Meissner in 1818 (after this date it was lost sight of and then renamed 

 var. (jenecensis by Milliere, who, in 1861, had obtained it from the 

 Saleve). In 1904 Messrs. Tutt, Blachier and myself took it on the 

 same ground on which Denso had found it the summer before. Now the 

 nearest place where this Burnet has been taken is just 100 miles from 

 the Glarnisch, separated as we are from the Diablerets by the whole of 

 the Rhone valley, the Bernese Oberland and the Todi group. Why 

 should var. jiicnmla exist here, so far north of any other locality in 

 which it has been observed, and about 4,500ft. higher up? If we 

 examine a few score of var. jncunda and A. fausta side by side, we are 

 struck by the feeling that A. fausta is a highly specialised form of var. 

 jucuvda rather than var. jucunda an underfed northern form of A. 

 fausta. Jucunda is a smaller form ; in my series I find that the 

 smallest measures from tip to tip only 15|mm., but the biggest of the 

 tribe is 23mm. across, and that is nearly as big as the giant among my 

 smaller series of A. fausta. The colouring is of a sober vermilion on 

 very dark ground, the spots on the upperwings being generally smaller 

 than in A. fausta, whose vermilion has been well mixed with orange. 

 In both species the j-ellow bordering of the red spots is sometimes 

 wanting, but in A. fausta the red seems to have invaded the yellow, 

 while in var. jucunda it is the black. The red collar (which is yellow 

 in A. hilaris and does not appear in A. ahjira) is but a little narrower 

 in the northerner, but the abdominal band that covers three segments 

 in the southerner is incipient or wanting in our Burnet ; this is 

 specially the case with the Glarnisch moth ; out of 26 netted on the 

 4th of August, 1908, not one has a sign of the red band, and only one 

 has a portion of the genital armature reddish ; on the Saleve an 

 incipient band is found in something like 95 per cent, of the insects I 

 have examined. 



Variation in the arragement of the markings is more noteworthy 

 in \SiV. jucunda, 3, 4, 5, 6 being often enough completely isolated (ab. 

 .^('(jreiiata) or may be all confluent, or 5 and 6 may unite in a perfect 

 circle. Judging from my own insects xanthic forms (ab. lutcsrcns) are 

 not so very rare, but the lower wing alone is yellow ; the wing that is 

 protected from the sun. I suspect all my specimens with pale upper- 

 wings of having been subjected to too much sun and rain. My theory 

 is that our small, robust, rapidly moving, varying moth is pbylogeneti- 

 cally older than its more gaily coloured southern sister. So far as I 



