82 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



per cent, of Kirby, Beard's pins are often useless, 2 to 3 per cent, of 

 Tayler's would leave a wide margin, but they are so ugly that Kirby, 

 Beard's are generally used in preference. Besides, Kirby, Beard's pins 

 used to be cheaper than Tayler's, and hence used to be more largely 

 bought, but now the same price is, I believe, charged for the (from my 

 experience; inferior pin. I agree most heartily with Mr. Harwood in all 

 he has to say about the bad points and absence of temper in the metal, 

 but there can be no doubt that a much inferior metal is used in the 

 manufacture of japanned pins than in the ordinary white ones; and when 

 all is said and done, I think all Micro collectors (especially the younger 

 men) will continue to risk spoiling a few specimens by the absence of 

 points to their pins and their manufacture from soft metal, rather than 

 have to make a new collection entirely every seven or eight years in 

 some of the more important genera of the " little fry." With some of 

 the larger Macro-Lepidoptera it is, I confess, merely a matter of time, 

 but then such species as Macrogaster ariindinis and its namesake in 

 Noiiagria, have enough fat in them to verdigris anything ; but is it not 

 better, even then to stave off the evil day as long as possible ? — J. W. 

 TuTT, Westcombe Hill. March, 1892. 



Are black pins really better than white for Micros ? I have always 

 used white pins because the black ones are so liable to bend. Both 

 kinds verdigris, though I suppose the black are better than the white in 

 this respect. I so often bend the pins (black) of insects sent me, and 

 this is so very trying when it happens, that I have never felt any 

 temptation to use the black ones myself. — \. Robinson. Feb., 1892. 



The Lepidoptera of Epping Forest.^ — As it is rather difficult to 

 indicate localities by the use of the names of the different parts of the 

 Forest, which many of us probably do not know, I think it will be 

 advisable to divide the Forest into sections. In the first, which I 

 propose to call the Chingford section, are included the Forest proper, 

 between Chingford and High Beach, and the district to the south and 

 west of this portion, as far south as Larkswood, taking in Chingford 

 Church, Chingford Hatch, etc., and part of Sewardstone, but not, of 

 course, encroaching on the Lea Valley. This strip of country is 

 studded with woods, and in earlier times, I suppose, was all forest land. 

 Coming again to the Forest proper, after crossing Chingford Plain, we 

 pass through a wood of pollard trees, mostly hornbeam and oak, inter- 

 spersed with sloe bushes, and broken by marshy glades. The general 

 level of this wood (according to the maps in Mr. E. N. Buxton's book) 

 is 200 feet above high water mark. It, however, rises to 300 feet at 

 the S.W. corner. After walking about a mile, or a mile and a half, we 

 cross Fairmead Bottom and come to the first beech woods. These are 

 on higher ground. The second section, between the road from the 

 "Robin Hcwd" to High Beach Church, and thence on to Sewardstone 

 and the "Wake Arms," we will include under the name of Monkswood, 

 This stretch of the Forest is of a far more varied character than the 

 first named. We pass through a belt of polled trees, beech, horn- 

 beam and oak, then heather studded with pollards, birches, holly, 

 sallow, etc. After a mile or so, we reach Monkswood proper, a wood 

 composed of splendid beech trees, with a few old oaks scattered 



^ Abstract of Paper read before the City of London Entom. Society on Feb. 4th, 

 by Mr. A F. Bayne. 



