222 THE entomologist's record. 



pits common on pupae, this row being the posterior margin of 

 a set that extend up to the bottom of the incision. The 

 anterior margin of the incision (where movable) is the ordinary 

 membrane, but shagreened with much finer points than usual, 

 the margin of the segment (in front) attached to this has a fine 

 groove, the extreme margin against the membrane being raised 

 into a high rounded ridge. The anal armature consists of six 

 short, thick, recurved hooks, set round the dorsal semicircular 

 margin of the wide truncate extremity, the anterior margin 

 being rounded off and falling into the ventral surface of the 

 pupa. The two marginal hooks are rather close together, the 

 two dorsal hooks are about i mm. from these and from each 

 other. This gives a measure of the comparatively large scale 

 of the terminal arrangements, the hooks themselves, though 

 very thick, being, however, very short. There are two very 

 minute antenno-basal hairs, hardly to be detected except by 

 knowing where to look for them ; the want of this knowledge 

 may be the reason that no others are seen. 



The pupa often stays over a second winter, sometimes more 

 than half the brood doing so, but it never goes over a third one. 



The specimen that emerged from the wild larvae, and those 

 reared the first year from these, contained a proportion of 

 Esper's type form with extra rows of black spots, but though I 

 raised a brood with both parents of this form, I have not seen 

 one since. 



I have never met with the species myself, but I gather that 

 it is quite a Southern species and rarely abundant anywhere, 

 certainly most common in the New Forest. 

 {To be continued.) 



Variation. 



A MELANic RACE OF LiPARis MONACHA.^ — In July, 1891, I received 

 from a correspondent at Scarborough, a male and female ofZ. inonacha, 

 which had been captured in that neighbourhood. The male was very 

 much suffused, and had lost the whole of the white ground colour, 

 although the normal black markings were distinct enough in a very 

 intense hue. The female was also suffused, but much less so than the 

 male. The basal area was white, with the normal transverse markings, 

 whilst the central area showed a not very intense transverse black band. 

 The area following this was paler, almost white, and the outer area was 

 again darker. The parent moths I exhibit, and they are figured, the 

 male being fig. i, and the female fig. la. 

 ^ Paper read before the City of London Entomological Society, September 15th, 1892. 



