soiii:t[i>. 17 



moreland, Cumberland, Huntingdon and Rutland, its apitarent non-ap- 

 pearance in the last two being probably the result of want of observers. 

 In most of the southern counties it had been very common, the coast- 

 line from the Isle of Wiglit to Suffolk, being its head-cpiarters. In 

 liancashire and Yorkshire it was local or scarce, its northern limits iiu 

 England, ending in the two most northerly counties in wliich the spring: 

 specimens Avere seen. Seyen specimens howeyer, had l)ecn noted fi'onx 

 Scotland, Perth being the northern limit. Passing to the Avest. it had 

 been rect)rded from six counties in Wales, and as ' somewliat plentiful ' 

 in the Isle of Man, Avhile Co. Dublin, Ireland, iiroduced tA\-o or three 

 specimens. Fiu-ther south, it ' swarmed ' in the Channel Isles, but 

 notes were wanted of its occurrence on the Continent. With regard to 

 the habits of the species, he remarked that it Avas iKit so attached to 

 clover fields as ('. hyale, liut api)eared to be equally })lentiful on 

 flowery fields, downs and undercliffs. Several collectors mentioned its- 

 fondness for ragwort floAvers, on Avhich its protectiA'c colouring renders 

 it inconspicuous. He had also ntiticed it flying along the l)orders of 

 potato fields in North DcA'on, and Mr. LcAvcock recorded an instance 

 of a single male specimen being taken on sugar in 1857. The variatioui 

 of edusa might be divided into four heads: — ( I). CokdU'. — The females 

 A'aried from Avhite (A'ar. hdice) through }iale yelloAv. to orange, and the 

 males from lemon to orange, the darker sjiecimens frcipiently having a 

 flush of purple on the hind wings. (2). Markings. — This Avas chiefly 

 in the size of the discoidal s])ot, and the yelloAv spots or lines in the 

 dark border. (3). Size. — Possil)ly the result of food. The lemon 

 A-ariety Avas nearly ahvays small in size. (4). Sliajte. — Best shown in 

 the hind margin of the fore Avings, Avhich Avas sometimes Aery couA'ex, 

 and sometimes straight or concaA'c." Mr. HaAves then gaAc a detailed 

 account of his experience Ayith the species during the past season. The 

 first C. eJiisa he had seen ap})eared o\\ the 28th May. vn the borders of 

 Highgate Woods, and from that date to about 12th June. fiA'c more had 

 been noticed on the G. N. Kailway between Finchley and Finsbury Park, 

 On 6th June, a male in good condition, was taken at St. Osytli, Essex. 

 It Avas obserAalile that in eacli case tlie insect Avas flying from a southerly 

 quarter, in obedience to a general impulse and influenced l)y the pre- 

 A'ailing Avinds. Allusion was made to the large numlteix seen at 

 FelixstoAve. betAveen August 20t]i and 23rd. and also to the capture- 

 there of six sjiecimens of C. hiialc Mr. HaAves then proceeded to 

 the qiiestion as to the stage in Avhich C. ediisa liyliernates in Britain. 

 He noticed the fact that the egg. Avhich was similar in structure to the 

 ova of Gonepteryx rhaiuni, Euchh'ic cardamines, and the Pieridce, Avas far 

 too fragile to Avithstand cAcn the mildest Avinter, and doubted Avhether 

 the larA-a Avas suificiently proof against frost and cold, to hybernate 

 successfully, at least in this country. He then suggested that a fair 

 inference might l)e made by comparing ('. cdusa Avitli 6*. rhaiuni in the 

 imago state. The tAvo species Avere similar as regards antenna', clotliing 

 of thorax and body, and general strong Iiuild of Aving. and as the like- 

 ness might be extended to tlie })reAious stages of both species, lie thought 

 it not too much to say, that if ('. cdnsa could lie made to settle doAvn in 

 this coiintry. the species Avould folloAV the example of G. rhainni, and 

 pass into hyliernation early in tlie autumn, re-a])pear in spring, pair and 

 produce the imago during late July. August, and (])erhai)s in tlie north) 

 September, thus being confined, as in tlie case of G. rhamni\ to a single 



