104 THK entomologist's record. 



orange spot in Euphoeides troilus, above adverted to. In E. constnntinns 

 there is no trace of red in the npper hinides of the under wings. The 

 possession of a costal oceHus is very rare in the Papilionince. In L)r. 

 Staudinger's " Exotische Schmetterlinge," Avhere nearly a hundred 

 species of this suh-family are figured, the only one delineated with the 

 ocellus in question is Orpheides dnnoleus, which, as before stated, is, in 

 mv opinion, an archaic form, the larva of which has considerable 

 resemljlnuce to that of Ja^oiu'adt's (jlaucnf^. I am therefore of opinion 

 tliat the insignificant red suffusion on tlie first luuule of Papilla machaon 

 is the evanescent vestige of an ocellus, in the ancestral form from which 

 this and several other allied species of Papilionind' have descended ; and, 

 as such, is not without its value as a contribution towards the philogeny 

 of the genera above dealt with. I am the more inclined to this view 

 because I find this vestigial marking more often to be found in the 

 females of a species than in the males ; the former being, as very well 

 l)ut l)y Professor Westwood, the more conservative sex." 



In the same volume of The Entomologist, page 130, Mr. E. A. 

 Bowles, commenting on Mr. Jenner Weir's article says : — " I think he 

 rather underrates the extent of the red suffusion on the upjier side of 

 the lower Aving of P. machaon, when he says the second submarginal 

 lunule of the lower Aving is " occasionally found '" to have a trace of the 

 reddish colour. In eighteen specinuMis I examined, I find four males 

 and one female with red in the first and second submarginal lunules of 

 the lower wing ; one female with red in the first, second, and third 

 lunules ; one female with red in the first, second, third, and fourth ; 

 and in one female in the first and sixth lunules, the sixth being the 

 lunule immediately before the ocellus at the anal angle. Five males 

 with red in the first lunule only ; two males with the red entirely 

 alisent in all the lunules, and three with so small a number of red scales 

 in the first lunule, that they are scarcely noticeable Avithout a magni- 

 fying glass. Thus it is possible to have the red suffusion in the first 

 four and the sixth lunules. I regret to say I liaA'e not Mr. Jenner 

 Weir's A-ast accpiaintance Avith foreign allied species, liut haA'ing noticed 

 AvliJit, I tliink, is a marked connection Avith the aboA'e conclusion, in a 

 species Avhich I find unnoticed by him (unless I haA'e it wrongly named), 

 I add as my one ewe lamb of further evidence in supjxirt of the tlieory 

 of A'anished ocelli. I possess a butterfly named as Paptlio phorcat<, and 

 said to be African, Avliich has an irregular ocellus on the costal angle 

 of the lower Aving, the iris of Avhich is lilue, much suffused Avith red ; 

 then folloAV three lunules of red, corresponding in position Avith the 

 second, third, and fourth submarginal lunules of P. machaon, and there 

 is another red lunule next to the A-ery distinct ocellus at the anal angle. 

 Thus in 1)oth species, red is found in all the lunules excepting the fifth. 

 May it not be ])Ossible that their common ancestor possessed six perfect 

 ocelli ? " 



As I have shoAvn, I can add to this, that it is possible to find a 

 slight trace — at any rate — of the red in all six lunules of P. machaon, 

 including the fifth. Like Mr. Bowles, I haA^e no acquaintance with tlie 

 foreign allied species shoAving costal ocelli, Avhich form the real 

 support of Mr. Weir's theory ; the only one I have seen being Orpheides 

 eritlionim in Mr. Bryan's collection ; this has a costal ocellus, liut as 

 Mr. Weir remarks, Avithout any trace of red around it ; the sul)nuarginal 

 band Avhicli is ciitirc in P. niachaon, is much broken up in O. erithonins, 



