VAfttATlOS% 107 



occasional one beneath as the second subapical spot. This latter seems 

 to Ije slightly more common in <? s than $ s ; in my forty specimens 

 I find it in 11 ^s and 9 ? s, of the 11 <?s 8 have it from large to 

 medium, and 3 have it from medium to very small ; and of the 9 $ 's, 

 4 have it from large to medium, and 5 from medium to very small. 

 Although it is not uncommon, especially in females, it is by no means 

 the rule for macliaon to have a black spot on the underside of the wing 

 corres^jonding to the subapical spot on the upperside, but in no case 

 have I detected the slightest trace of one corresponding to the second 

 subapical spot. Occasionally the subapical spot has a slight sprinkling 

 of yellow scales in the centre, in the same manner in which the basal 

 patch and submarginal band are marked ; in one, and only one speci- 

 men have I found the subapical spot on the underside similarly speckled, 

 the second subapical spot to my experience never has yellow scales. 

 The eight submarginal yellow spots vary in a peculiar manner ; the 

 first one from the anal angle is much the largest, and is oblong in shape ; 

 the next three or four are somewhat lunar or semicircular, which shape 

 is gi-adually lost, and the size of the spots diminished to the seventh 

 one, the last three Ijeing nearly round, the last or apical one is round 

 and larger than those immediately preceding it, leaving out the anal 

 spot, which is always tlie largest ; the above order is in some few speci- 

 mens reversed, the spots getting gradually larger from the second to 

 the apex, and sometimes, but more rarely, the apical yellow sjiot is the 

 smallest of the eight instead of largest but one. 



The larger black jjatcli, slightly beyond the centre of the discoidal 

 cell, reaching the boundaries on either side, and which I will allude to 

 as the " costal bar,"' is usually of ecpial width throughout, but varying 

 in width in different specimens, in a very few cases it is slightly wedge- 

 shaped, widest near the costa ; there is rather a general tendency to 

 have a slight indentation on the outer edges ; in one specimen I have, 

 this is strongly developed, and there is from the centre of the discoidal 

 lunules a short black streak folloM'ing the direction of the indentation 

 in the " costal l)ar," besides this there is in this specimen an additional 

 marking, a black spot in the yellow space between the Ijasal patch and 

 " costal bar ;" I find in several other specimens a slight indication of 

 this s2)ot ; in another specimen the indentation in the " costal bar " is 

 still more strongly developed, but in one wing only, the "costal bar" 

 is much contorted, the inner edge projects in a point towards and almost 

 unites Avith a black streak which projects from the basal patch, whilst 

 from the middle of the discoidal lunules extends another black 

 streak, towards and just entering a large gap in the outer edge of the 

 " costal bar." 



The black patch at the end of the discoidal cell sometimes contains 

 a thin yellow longitudinal streak, and I find this is nearly always so 

 in specimens which have the corresponding peculiarit}' in the hind 

 wing:s ; out of nine specimens with the so-called •' cell-divided " varia- 

 tion in the posterior wing, seven have it also in the anterior wings ; 

 and out of a series of 40 specimens, only two are " cell divided " in the 

 anterior, and not in the posterior wings. The remaining point in the 

 anterior wings, but not by any means least important, is a not un- 

 common tendency on the part of nervure 4 to be longer in comparison 

 than the rest of the nervures ; so much so in some specimens, as to 

 form a projection on the hind margin of the wing, and this is rendered 



