130 THE entomologist's record. 



adoption rapidly became general. In 1759 it is used by Clerck, a 

 Swedish artist, friend and disciple of Linnaeus, in a work entitled, 

 Pictures of Rare Insects loith their Trivial Names, to which Linna?\is 

 refers in his 12th edition with marked approbation. In 17G1, Poda, a 

 meml)er of the Society of Jesns, uses the system in a work on the 

 insects found in Greece ; to him we owe corydon. In 1763, Scopoli, a 

 physician who Avas })rofessor of botany and chemistry at Pavia, adopts 

 it in a book (jjublished in Vieiina) of desci'i})tions, accompanied with 

 uncoloured figures of the insects found in Carniola, a district lying to 

 the north-east of the Adriatic, in which many species are named for the 

 first time. Some of Scopoli's names are earlier than those given by 

 Linnasus in his 12tli edition. Probably the first to introduce the 

 Linnj^an nomenclature into this country was Moses Harris, a miniature 

 painter, who, under the title of The Aurelian, published in 1766 a folio 

 volume of descriptions, with coloured plates of British lepidfiptera. To 

 this, a])parently in the following year, he added a supplement containing, 

 among other things, an index of the vernacular names of the insects 

 dealt with, and against them " the trivial names of Linna?us, as far as 

 can l)e collected from his works." In 1769, Dr. Berkenhout, an 

 Isleworth physician, uses the Linna?an names in The Outlines of the 

 Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland, a later edition of which is 

 in our library. Neither Harris nor Berkenhout made any addition to 

 the number of named species ; the first to do so in this country was 

 John Reinhold Forster, a Prussian, who came here in 1766, and Avas for 

 some years a teacher at the dissenting academy at Warrington. He 

 collected the insects of that neighbourhood, and in 1770 published a 

 catalogue of British insects, which includes 45 butterflies and 158 moths. 

 Next year he pid dished descriptions of 100 species which had not l)een 

 described Ijy Linnaeus, giving names to them. Pour le]udoptera only are 

 included in the 100 ; of these one is an Indian butterfly, the remaining 

 three are mnralis, Avhich we knoAV by its later name of glandifera ; 

 miniata, Avhich he classes as a Geometer, and fnlvata. Forster intended 

 to publish a descriptive work on the insect fauna of this country ; this 

 intention was, hoAvever, frustrated by his appointment as naturalist to 

 the second expedition of Captain Cook. 



Passing now to Germany, we come to Ilufnagel, a Berlin cleric, 

 described by one who kncAv him Avell as a A^ery accurate obserA^er, a 

 thorough connoisseur, and a zealous friend of natural history, who 

 pul)lished a catalogue of the lepidoptera, found in the neighbourhood of 

 ]')erlin, systematically arranged, and containing names, a description of 

 imago, and (Avhere knoAA'n) of larA-a, Avith ])articulars of food — plant, 

 season and locality. This catalogTie, Avhich only includes Avhat 

 Ave know as the ]\Iacro-lepidoptera, Avas published at intervals from 

 17(i6 to 1769, in the pages of a Berlin scientific magazine. The 

 Linna^an names are adopted, and many new s^iecies named. Objection 

 has been made to the admission of Ilufnagel to a place in the ranks of 

 the nomenclators, on the ground tliat Ids descrijitions are not sufficiently 

 precise and detailed for identification. This defect Avas noted at the 

 time, and it appears that Hufnagel intended to correct it by the publica- 

 tion of more extended notes or figures, but Avas preA'ented, by appoint- 

 ment to some more onerous post, from carrying out this intention. 

 Under these circumstances a friend and neighbour. Yon Kottendjurg, 

 Avho had frequent opiwrtunities of communicatiiui Avith him, and Avho 



