SCIENTIFIC NOTES. 171 



winter in the egg state it produced a very early hatching. In those 

 that passed the winter in the larval stage, some fed up rapidl}', remained 

 pupje but a short time, and then emerged. Thus Argynnis enj)hrosyne 

 was well out by April 14th in North Kent, and yet after that date Mr. 

 "Whittle sent me larvae of the species from Essex, which are still (June 

 Sth) in pupa. Mr. Moberly sent me pupse of Limenitis sibi/Ila, Avliich 

 produced butterflies on May 23rd, whilst I still have larva? not full fed. 

 Mr. Hodges captured Melitcea cinxia in Guernsey in the early part of 

 May, and on the same day he took half fed larva? of the species for me, 

 some of the latter being now puj^a^ ; Lyccena adonis has been coming- 

 out for a month, and is still emerging, and so on. In those that pass 

 the winter in the pupa state there has been perhaps most difference. 

 Thus I have winter pupse of P. hrasKicce at the present time, and also 

 a pupa from an egg laid in April. The same with regard to P. rap<ii. 

 I have eggs, larva?, and pupa? of EucJiloe cardamines on ni}^ table at the 

 present moment all from the spring emergence, whilst on Saturday 

 (May 27tli) I found a female just emerged from a winter pupa.* 

 Hybernated Vanessa urticce were still on the wing on Saturda}^ (June 

 ord) and on the same day I bred the first sjDecimens from 1893 larva?. 

 At the same time I found several batches, some only just hatched, others 

 full fed, so that the flight of this species, which normally takes place 

 in July, will consist of the progeny of hybernated females which are 

 still egg-laying, and those of butterflies which have already completed 

 one cycle of existence in 1893. Lasioinmata egeria was worn to shreds 

 in Chattenden on the last Saturday in April. A freshly-emerged batch 

 was out on May 27th,f both, I take it, from parents of the previous 

 autumn, but probably belonging to different broods. As we may 

 suppose the progeny of these will emerge as irregularly as the parents' 

 broods, it is probable that the species will occur all the summer, good 

 and bad specimens flying together. 



Notes on emergence in a season like this will be most interesting, 

 and should prove of actual value, as verifying some dates which we 

 find in old authors, and which have long been looked on in the light 

 of uncertainty. At the same time there is strong possibility that 

 partial second broods of many usually single-brooded species will 

 appear later in the season. — June, 1893. 



gciENTIFIC NOTES. 



Argynnis euphrosyne at fault. — On April 29th, this species oc- 

 curred in abundance in North Kent, and I spent some little time 

 observing it. It would appear that the males are somewhat readily 

 attracted by the females, probabl}' in a great measure b}^ sight. It was 

 rather puzzling, however, to account for the frequency with which they 

 were at fault. On one occasion, a male fluttered up to a dead oak leaf, 



* On June 7th I took a freshly emerged male in North Kent. — J. W. T. 



t I have since seen reason to modify this opinion, as some young larvae sent 

 to me on June 3rd last, are now (June Sth) pupating, the larvae having grown 

 most rapidly. Probably, therefore, those noticed on Ma.y 27th were the progeny 

 of the late March and earliest April buttertties. — J. "W. T. 



