STRAY NOTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES. 191 



ticularly as this form of variation is of such frequent occurrence in both 

 species, though I suppose atalanfa is the more favoured in this respect. 

 The other abnormal specimen (fig. 4) has the left wing malformed and 

 dwarfed, though not in the least crum2:)led or devoid of pigment. The 

 malformation consists in a curious disturbance of the wing-rays, three 

 of whicli abruptly cease before reaching the margin of the wing ; 

 one of the median rays is branched, and one of the branches is again 

 branched. Several of the other rays, also, are not quite normal. The 

 explanatory sketch (fig. 4a) Avill, I trust, make tliis description clearer. 

 The markings, as might naturally be expected, are curiously modified, 

 many of them coalescing in such a manner as to suggest that it is only 

 the wing-rays wliich prevent them from doing so always. The otlier 

 wings of the specimen are normal. I thouglit this curious malfor- 

 mation might be of some assistance to those who make the neuration of 

 insects' wings a special study, and this must be my excuse for taking up 

 so nmch space in describing it. — 202, Evering Eoad, London, N.E. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE D. 

 Pig. 1. — Papilio raachaon, L., bred by Mr. W. H. Jackson. 

 „ 2. — Vanessa urlicce, L., nearly identical with var. ichnusa, Bon, 

 Bred ; larva from Clapton. 



Fig. 3. — Vanessa urticai (ab.), bred ; larva from Leigh. 

 ,, 4. — „ cardni, L., malformation. Bred. 

 ,, 4a. — „ „ explanatory sketch. 



„ o.— „ „ (ab.). Bred. 



,, 6. — Polyommatus pMceas, L. (ab.). Caught by Mr. Jackson at 

 Walthamstow. 



STRAY NOTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES. 



By J. ^A^. TUTT, F.E.S. 



The pupoi of the Satyridce. — Perhaps no group of our butterflies has 

 been arranged more solely on the imago condition than our Satyridce, and 

 then on purely superficial characters. Thus we often find semele united 

 in the same genus with janira and hyperanthus, and so on. Thanks to 

 Messrs. Bowles, Wolfe and W. F. do V. Kane, I have obtained a fair 

 share of the larva3 of our Satyridce this spring, and am now breeding 

 them, and I offer the following remarks in the hope of getting some 

 happily-situated individual to complete my observations, or otherwise, 

 as an incentive to someone to send me more material to complete them 

 myself. The larvae show that the Satyrids are a well-defined grouji, 

 bvit the pupae give indication of necessary subdivision. Types of 

 Satyrid pupxx. — The pupaj of Satyrids take two extreme forms, the 

 Nymphalid and the Hesperid, of wliich Lasiommata a'c/eria offers the best 

 example of the former, and Satyrus semele of the latter. Tlie former is 

 of that type which is suspended by the cremastral hooks (at terminal 

 segment) ; has a depressed metathorax and first abdominal segment ; 

 lateral protuberances to head ; swollen 3rd and 4th abdominal seg- 

 ments ; a distinct medio-dorsal ridge down the thoracic segments, most 

 prominent on the mesothoracic segment ; distinct lateral movement in 

 abdominal segments ; the antennfe reaching to the aj^ex of the wing ; 



