218 THE entomologist's record. 



ment of purplish markings ; these fill up, as it were, most of the central 

 area of the wing, leaving a pale margin along the costa, the outer margin 

 and the inner margin, extending towards the outer margin just as far as 

 *' Poulton's line." There is, however, a pale transverse band running 

 through this, and two or three j)ale costal streaks. The developing ima- 

 ginal wing at this time appears to occupy only this central s^Dace, but the 

 fact is remarkable that the purple parts of the pupal wing correspond 

 with and, as it were, replace, the normally paler (brown) parts of the ima- 

 ginal wing, whilst the black parts of the imaginal wing still remain of the 

 same pale buff coloration, as was the whole of the pupa after its first colour 

 change. The next phase is a most interesting one, the purple parts change 

 to a rich brown, and the previously pale margins, costal spots and central 

 band now become black,the ocellus becomes conspicuous in the outer broAvn 

 area, the whole wing being now a facsimile of the imaginal, and occupying 

 clearly the whole space of the jjupal wing, the extremely black outer 

 margin of the imaginal wing being (as I have previously remarked about 

 other puj^^e) entirely outside " Poulton's line." The development of colour 

 might easily delude a superficial observer into the belief that the wing, 

 on the day before emergence, really onlj'- occupied the central area of 

 the wing, as the brown parts of the wing, which are ultimately the 

 paler parts of the mature Aving, are then the only dark parts, the 

 absolutely black parts of the mature Aving developing very rapidly at 

 the end. However, it is clear that b}^ the time this stage of colour 

 change is reached, according to Dr. Chapman's view, the imaginal wing 

 has been pushed out to the limits of the pupal wing. The final coloui- 

 change takes place in the dorsal and abdominal areas, which pass through 

 buff into a dull leaden colour with the slightest suspicion of a purplish 

 flush. 



Pupal winy of L. megcera. — The pupal Aving of X. megcera has most 

 consj)icuously, just previous to emergence, the dark outer margin of the 

 imaginal forewing almost entirely outside " Poulton's line." At the 

 extreme margin the seven pale lunular fringe i^atches are very distinct, 

 much more so than in the fully-developed wings. The only jioint 

 of the pupal Aving not fully occujjied by the imaginal is the angulated 

 apex, the apical fringe not quite reaching its extremity. The distinct- 

 ness of the fringe just before emergence is due to the fact that the pale 

 lunular fringe patches are pushed upwards in the folding. The imago 

 emerged Avhilst I Avas holding the pupa, and the fact Avas undoubted, 

 that the fringe Avas then quite at the margin, far liej'ond " Poulton's line." 

 The angular apex appears to be an antiquated remnant borroAved from 

 the Nymphalklce, and si;ggests rather the degeneracy of the Satyridce 

 from the Nymphalidce, than the development of the latter from the 

 former. 



Sudden emergence of the imago and dehiscence of the pupa of L. 

 megcera. — I was at the windoAv examining a pupa with the lens, Avhen 

 it broke simultaneously between the costa of the Aving and antenna on 

 either side ventrally, and in front of the j)rothorax dorsally. The 

 piece consisting of the head, antenna?, legs and maxilla? Avas suddenly 

 twisted to the left, and Avas kept attached to the other j^art by a thin 

 Avhite membrane, the coA'ering of the parts inside of pupal case, 

 althoiigh the pieces are otherAvise quite separate. 



Dehiscence of Satyrid pupce. — Satyrus scmele has the membrane just 

 mentioned as being present as an inside lining to the pupa of L. mcgoira, 



I 



