242 THE entomologist's record. 



colour, a clingy green ; no characteristic markings." A note on 

 October 4tli is as follows : — " Some appear nearly full fed, others are 

 quite small ; they are still feeding on chickweed." Another on October 

 10th reads : — " Larvae are spinning earthen cocoons ; " and on October 

 17th : — " One can be seen to have imjjated." 



EpJiT/ra pnncfaria. — Ova laid June 5th; hatched Jiuie 13tli ; l)egin- 

 ning to pu})ate on July 9th ; l)egan to emerge July 20th. " The larva^ 

 in its earlier stages is brown, w'ith lighter lateral markings, somewhat 

 resembling that of Hibernia dcfoliaria. At its last moult it becomes 

 green with pinkish lateral marking's. It undergoes pupation by 

 attaching itself to the under side of an oak leaf by its anal claspers, 

 then spins a single thread across the body, and changes to a green pupa 

 with a very square head." On May 31st, 1892, I made the following- 

 notes on the egg of this species : — " Ovoid, small, covered with minute 

 pits ; pale straw colour, laid in twos on bits of fibre at edge of chip box." 



Amphidasys heUdaria. — Ova laid June 24th ; hatched July 7th. 

 Ovoid, small, greenish grey in tint, smooth, scattered about box, some 

 loose. July 6th, eggs becoming blackish grey. 



Nnmen'a jmhernr/a. — Ova laid Ma}' 31st, 1892 ; hatched June 10th. 

 The eggs are oval, smooth ; a depression (pit) extending over about 

 half the surface in middle of oval ; ver}^ pale straw colour, deposited 

 singly aliout chip box. On June 10th, I note : — " Ova undergo no 

 change before hatching; larva ver}^ pale green, with orange head." 



Coremia nnideataria. — August 5th, 1892. Ova laid by dark $ ; 

 hatched August 15th. Small, oval, pale lemon, laid on bottom of chip 

 box, mostly single. August 9th — Have become more orange red in tint. 

 Aiigust 15th — Became black a few hours before hatching. Larva 

 brownish, with last segment pale. — F. J. Buckell, M.B. Jidij, 1893. 



Times of emergence. — The following general times of emergence 

 have been observed: — Toeniocainpd gothica emerges about 8 a.m.; T. 

 instahilis from 9 to 10 a.m. ; T. ninnda from 10 to 12 a.m. and also at 

 midnight. — T. A. Chapman, Firl^ank, Hereford. 



Second Broods of Vanessa io and atalanta. — I found, a few days 

 ago, a small brood of Vanessa io larvae now at their last moult. As the 

 latest of the first brood emerged as butterflies two months ago, these 

 must be a second bi-ood. Mr. Merrifield tells me that a second brood 

 of io is not recorded in England, nor, so far as he is aware, on the 

 Continent, though it must probably occur at its most southern habitats. 



He also calls my attention to a second brood of atalanta, of whicli 

 the larva\ now full-fed, are fairly abundant. The butterflies are still 

 freely on the wing, but as there was a period without larva\ these must 

 be the second brood also. 



In Mr. Barrett's Avork second broods of io and atalanta are not 

 alluded to. The remarkable vanishing of the larva^ of io the moment 

 they are full-fed is there noted. As bearing on the explanation, I may 

 note that I met a full-fed larva seventy yards from the nettles in which 

 several broods fed up, travelling vigorously, and the intervening space 

 consisted of grass for mowing. 



I cannot help calling attention to a specimen of V, urticoi recorded 

 by Mr. Barrett, jiossessed of the larval head. We all, from time to 

 time, meet with such examples. I had, last year, a Zeuzera cesculi and 

 a Zyijoina filipendulo} with the larval head ; these cases are due to the 

 larval head not being successfully moulted at the change to pupa. 



