STRAY NOTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES. 291 



Pupa of Argi/nnis niobe. — A pupa of A. niobe sent me from Niiriiberg, 

 arrived with the imago fully formed and coloured but with the pupal 

 wing-cases removed so that the imaginal "wings were fully exposed. 

 Thinking the imago had no chance of emergence, I left it in a box on 

 my table. This was about 8.15 a.m. When I returned at about 5 p.m. 

 I was much astonished to find that the imago had emerged during the 

 day and that its wings were fully developed. 



Chrysalides of VanesskU. — As in the Argijnnidi, there are two very 

 distinct types of pupa3 among the species that I have been able ta 

 examine of those Avhich we include in the genus Vanessa. One of 

 these groups is blunt-headed, the other has the lateral processes of 

 the head well-developed. The blunt-headed group consists of Pyrameis 

 cardni and P atalanta, the pupte being remarkably alike in almost every 

 particular. The group with pointed lateral head pieces, consists of 

 Vanessa io, V. urticoi, V. poiycMoros and Grapta c-album. These latter, 

 however, differ very much inter se with the excejition of urticce and 

 polychloros which are structurally very similar. G. c-album has the 

 lateral head pieces curiously curved inwards towards their tips, so that 

 they almost meet ; it is also a more angulated pupa. The pupa of V. io 

 l)ears a very close superficial resemblance to that of V. urticce, but is 

 Avitliout the median row of dorsal knol)S found in all the other species 

 mentioned. 



Third brood of Chryso2)hanus jMieas.— Fwpse of a third brood of this 

 species with a very late larva of Li/ccena argiolns were sent to me during 

 the second week in October from Guernsey. An imago of C. phlwas 

 emerged on Novemljer 2nd. The larva of L. argiolns pupated on the 

 day of arrival. 



Second broods of some Vanessa species. — During the last week of 

 Augiist, larvaj of Grapta c-album were sent to me feeding on nettle. 

 These pupated as soon as I received them, the imagines appearing some 

 15 days afterwards. In answer to a request in the September number 

 of the Eecord, larva3 of V. urticte were sent to me from Cambridge. 

 These pupated directly afterwards and emerged during the second week 

 of October. A farther supply of the same species was sent me from 

 Darlington in the following Aveek, these were smaller and emerged from 

 October 20th-22nd. Pup^ of V. io wei'c sent to me by Dr. Chapman, 

 from Hereford, all of the dark grey form. These emerged a fortnight 

 afterwards, the whole number (12) coming out within three hours 

 (9-12 a.m.) of each other on September 3Uth. A batch of larvae of 

 P. atalanta, from Winchester, pupated in the last week of September 

 and emerged between October 15th and October 30th, whilst another 

 lot from Galway emerged from October lst-15th, some of the latter 

 being only in the third skin during the second week in September. A 

 full-fed larva of P. atalanta received from Dr. Chairman has emex-ged 

 this morning (November 5th). It is worthy of remark that the whole 

 of the Galway atalanta larva? were of the black variety with orange 

 lozenges down the sides, those from Winchester were about one-half of 

 this form and one-half of the usual greenish type. The larva from 

 Hereford was also of the black type, and an exceptionally dark specimen 

 of this particular form. 



