324 THE entomologist's kecoed. 



Bliodocera and Antliocliaris were retained, Aporia used for cratcegi, and 

 the Skippers all included under Hesperia. Staudinger in the main 

 followed Lederer, but made the additional family Apaturichx, and 

 adopted the uniform terminal iche for the names of families. He also 

 separated cratcegi under Aporia, used Melanargia instead of Arge, and 

 separated malcce and tages from the other Skippers under the respective 

 names of Syriclithus and Nii^oniades. Kirby followed Bates, placing 

 Nymphalidai first, but he substituted the name Lemoniidce for Erycmidoe. 

 In generic names he made many changes. Including in our survey 

 his supplement of 1877, we find that he replaced Erebia by Maniola, 

 used Siityrus for cegeria and megcera, and united semele and liyperanthus 

 under Hipparchia. He divided the Hair-streaks into two genera 

 Zepliyrvs (hetuhe M\d qnerciifi) and Thecia, applied i?/(Yg«a to the Coj)pers, 

 and resuscitated the old Linnaean name Pleheius for the Blues. In 

 Hesperiida^ he applied Hes^pei-ia to malvce, Nisoniades to tages, Heterojiterus 

 to palaemon, and separated comma and t-yJranus from tlianmas, lineola and 

 acto'on, calling the former Pamphihi and the latter Thymelicus. 



In 1888-9 Scudder, in the most scientific work on Bhopalocera 

 which has yet appeared, The BiitterJIies of the Eastern United States 

 and Canada went at considerable length into the question of classification. 

 He constituted four families, placing Nymphalidce first, followed by 

 Lyccenidiv, Papilionidce and Hesperidce. Nymphalid^ was divided into 

 four sub-families Safyrince, Nymphalinoe, Euploeince (the equivalent of 

 Bates' Danaincf) and another Lyranidai is in two sub-families 

 Lemoniince and Lyaenince, the former the equivalent of the older 

 Erycinidoe, the latter of the Lyccenidce of most authors. Papnlionida? is 

 divided into Pierince and PapiJionince. The sub-families Nympjhalince, 

 Lycanino', and Pierino', and the family Hesperida' are further sub- 

 divided into tribes with names ending in idi. 



In his History of our British Bidterjiies, published in 1890, Mr. Dale 

 adopts Boisduval's system, but arranges the families of the second tribe, 

 Penduhe, thus : Satyridoe, Danaidoe, Apaturidoi, Nymphalidce. As regards 

 generic nomenclature ; in the Papilionids he adheres to Doubleday's of 

 1859, save that he separates cratagi under Aporia ; in Lyccenidce he 

 uses Chrysophanus for the Coppers, and Polyommatiis for the Blues ; in 

 Satyridce his genera are Melanargia, Eipparchia, Ccenonympha, and 

 Erebia ; Eippar'-hia being divided into sub-genera, as follows : — 

 Lasionimata. (cegeria, megcera) Hipparchia (semele), Satyrus (ianira, 

 tithonns), Enodia (hyperanthiis) ; his Skipper genera are Cyclopides, 

 HesjfCria, Syrichthvs, Nisoniades. 



The first volume of The Lejmiojytera of the British Islands by C. G. 

 Barrett, published in its completed form so recently as the spring of the 

 present year, brings our history up to date. Mr. Barrett adopts the 

 same nine families as Mr. Dale, but does not group them ; his arrange- 

 ment is also the same, except that the four families of Mr. Dale's second 

 tribe are placed in the following order: Apatiiridce, Danaidce, Nyinphalidai, 

 Satyridce. Mr. Barrett's generic nomenclature is also in the main the 

 same as that of Mr. Dale, but he separates bcetica and argiades from the 

 other Blues under the generic name Lyccena, and breaks up Mr. Dale's 

 Eipparchia inio Satyrus (semele), Pararge (cegeria, megcera), and 

 Epinephele, including hyperanthns in the latter. 



We have now traced the way in which classification has progressed 

 from the simple system of j^re-Linna^an times to the complex one of 



