uN TUK I,A1{\A (»F AK(JtiA CAIA. 33 



lo be subiliviik'd four or live times, tiud that several additional headings 

 would have to be supplied, so tliat I concluded that a tabular arrange- 

 ment in any detail would make my results less, instead of more 

 intelligible. 



The first and largest variation among tlie Normals was that a large 

 section reached the falnjiitom (hybernating) stage only in the 6th in- 

 stead of in the 5th skin, and there were some that did not do so till 

 the 7th skin. Then of these some would tend towards being Forwards : 

 that is, though jmssing tlirough a fiiHginosa stage they would go on, 

 after a very short and formal hybernation, to cnia plumage and ma- 

 turity ; others, tending towards Laggards, would do much the same, 

 but very slowly. 



The greatest interest attaches, liowever, I think to the Laggards ; 

 various types of these were luxmerous in the later broods, but only a 

 few a}:)peared in the first brood or in any brood from wild ova. By the 

 time Laggards were sufficiently numerous to be studied, they, like the 

 Normals, had assumed a variety of different types. 



In all cases they fed more slowly and made less growth at eacli 

 moult than the Normals, so that a Laggard would be onl}' in its ord 

 skin, when a Normal was already prepared to hybernate in its 5tli skin ; 

 the former also would in its oth skin be no further advanced as re- 

 gards size and plumage than a Normal in its 3rd or 4th skin (see I'l. ii., 

 tigs. 1, '2, and 3). In one case a Laggard did not reach its last skin 

 until after 13 moults. Others would jjuss on to cuia plumage, and pid- 

 gress more rapidly after reaching a certain stage. Though they all 

 seemed willing to perform a modified hybernation at any stage (that is, 

 to eat very rarely and gxow very slowly), they were unable fully to 

 hybernate, if takei? so to speak unawares, even when they had reached 

 fulttjiiio.^d plumage. But many individuals would begin hybernation at 

 very uncertain stages, some in spilosoma, some in/HZ/j///ios«, and some in 

 caia plumage, but were ixsually easily forced. It also happened that 

 some aljerrant Normals in the later broods jirepared to hybernate in 

 distinctly caia plumage. 



Some figures showing the proportions of different forms may be 

 interesting. Thus, of the second brood ; at a })articular date there 

 were 4 Forwards in 2'upa ; 4 Intermediates in 6tli skin and caia 

 plumage ; 8 intermediates in (Jth skin, but apjaarently hybernators ; 

 (three jars) say 120 Normals hybernating in 5th skin ; 30 Laggards 

 with 4th plumage but in 5th skin ; one Laggard in 6th skin with 4th 

 ] ilumage. Twenty-live days later these 30 Laggards were thus accounted 

 for ; 10 still feeding in 6tli skin, 5 laid up for 6th moult, 14 in 7th 

 skin ; of these 14, 1 was still in 4th plumage, 3 in ordinary 5th skin 

 plumage, while 10 were similar but tended to Ije ruddy in front, and 4 

 of them Avere almost in adult plumage. 



Third Generation. — Brood A was composed of 19 Forwards, 547 

 Normals, and 130 Laggards. Brood B contained, in tlie portion wliich 

 I reared myself, 4 Forwai'ds, 7 Doiditfuls, and 136 Normals; the 

 otlier portion, which I sent to Mr. Merrifield and which he reared, as 

 already noted, at a temperatui'c of 80^, yielded 150 Forwards, and 50 

 Normals. It ought perhaps to be stated that Mr. ]\Ierritield expressed 

 his inability to say whether the 50 that Avere not Forwards were Nor- 

 mals or Ijaggards, as they liecame very unhealthy owing to the high 

 temperature, and to their monotonous diet of cabbage. 



