SOCIETIES. 63 



fact that wlicu a Latin name is formed from a (Ireek root, ov, as in the 

 name cdcrnJeocepliaJn, from a eoml)ination of Latin and Greek roots, it 

 becomes de facto a Latin word, and that the sound of the Greek conso- 

 nants is consequently inadmissiljle. Lactometer is the Enghsh term for 

 an instrument used in determining tlie ([uality of milk ; it is derived 

 from the Latin lac (milk), and the Greek metron (a measure), but it is 

 a purely English word notwithstanding its derivation. 



The only other consonant which seems to require notice is j. I 

 supi)ose that if I said there was no j in Latin, I should l)e confronted 

 with [)i"oof to the contrary from a Latin dictionary, and should be asked 

 how 1 got rid of the j in Jupiter and Jmw. I, however, must maintain 

 that there is no Latin letter which has the sound of the English j, and, 

 in proof of my statement, I produce a school-book called First Latin 

 Primer ; in the vocabulary at the end of this no words will be found 

 under _/, and the names which I suggested might be produced to confute 

 me will be found printed Inp'tter, Iimo. In fact, in none of the Latin 

 educational works now being printed for the use of schools, is the letter 

 j to be found; / being substituted throughout. There is no doubt that 

 the rounded j is the modern form of /, as c is of ii, both being used in- 

 differently with vowel or consonantal power. In the Century English 

 Dictionarij, the following passage occurs ; — " J {•a only another form of 

 I, the two forms having formerly been used indifferently, or, .7 preferred 

 when final. In Latin, for example, / was written where we write 

 both *' and _/, and had, now the vowel value of /, and now the consonant 

 value of j, being pronounced as //, where we now write and pronounce ,/ ; 

 e.g. — Hallelujah. As a numeral / is a A'ariant form of /, used generally 

 at the end of a scries of numerals, and now only in medical prescriptions ; 

 as rj, six riij. eight." The trivial names caja, haja, bajidaria, arc to be 

 found thus spelt in Stainton's Maanal, Doubleday's Catalogne, and 

 Xewman's British Moths, and accordingly we often hear them pro- 

 nounced l-ai/dga, bai/dga, and badgidaria ; when we turn to the 

 Accentuated List, however, or to South's Synonymic List, we find them 

 spelt caia, baia, and baitdaria, and in addition we find, that the same 

 change has taken place with ianira and ianthina. With regard to 

 Jupiter and Jmw, these are the English names of the Eoman deities 

 lapiter and Jnno, the / taking the sound of the English Y. 



I trust that I have now succeeded in showing you that the analogy 

 of our own language being tlie rule for pronouncing Ijatin, there is not 

 much need for any other directions than such as are given for the pro- 

 nunciation of English words. The general rules are followed almost 

 without exception, and there is little difficulty until we come to the 

 [losition of the accent. We have still two points to deal witli, accent 

 and quantity, and both are complex and ditficult ; I i)roposc to confine 

 myself to a few general remarks on each of the two jjoints, and to offer 

 some practical suggestions. 



The word accent is not much used now in the classical sense. In 

 modern parlance, accent is much the same as stress, or emphasis. If we 

 say that the first syllable of honest bears tlie accent, we merely mean 

 that we lay a greater stress on tliat syllable in pronouncing the word. 

 As a matter of fact, accent, in the proper sense of the term, and stress, 

 can exist in the same word independently of each other. The same 

 holds good with respect to quantity — the length of time during which 

 a vowel sound is prolonged. In Ijatin, there are no accentual marks 

 to guide us, l)ut the main rules for accentuation arc very simple. With 



