112 THE entomologist's RECORD, 



As one of my principal objects in preparing this paper is to bring 

 before your notice and that of entomologists generally, the absolutely 

 certain fact of the distinctness of the two, and the equally' certain fact of 

 the existence of red forms of miideiitaria, Haw., and thus to leave no 

 possible excuse for going over the same ground again in the future 

 liistory of entomology, my first point must l)e to demonstrate their 

 structural distinctness, after which I sliall group my other remarks under 

 the following heads — Synonymy, DiflFerentiation by Wing-markings, 

 Variation, Geograi)liical Distribution, Habits, Early Stages. 



Structural chakacteristics. — With regard to structural distinct- 

 ness, mv article in the Eecord, referred to above, called forth a response 

 from that careful and accurate observer, Mr. F. N. Pierce, to the effect 

 that the male genitalia differed more widely even than might have been 

 expected in two such close allies, and in the Record, vol. iii., p. 177, he 

 <>-ave rough figures of the forms of the " harpes," in each of the two, 

 th()U<'h unfortunately the names were reversed in the appended note. 



Thanks to the great kindness of Mr. Fierce, who stands })rominent 

 ;uuonf the many entomologists who have rendered me willing assist- 

 ance, a number of specimens have been investigated from this jjoint of 

 view, and he has further oldigingly sent me his preparations for study 

 and for exhibition this evening, so that I hope to be able to convince 

 the most scej)tical of the invariability of the form of the genitalia, and 

 the consequent confirmation of the view arrived at by breeding and by 

 superficial comparisons. I am indebted to the kindness of Messrs. 

 liattley, Nicholson and Jackson in lending microscopes for this evening, 

 and I trust you will all avail yourselves of the 

 >>^s^\ "^^ opportunity of verifying Mr. Pierce's oljser- 



vations on the genitalia. It may be of interest 

 to mention that Aurivillius in his new work on 

 the Scandinavian lepidoptera {Nordeus Fjiirilar, 

 18Ul)also differentiates /ercHj/a /a and nnidcntaria 

 in this way. 



c. iinidentai ia. c. ferrugaria. My attention lias also been called to one 

 other structural difference, and that is in the matter of scale structure, 

 \vhich has Ijeeu so zealously and with such interesting results taken in 

 hand l\v Dr. W. S. Riding. He has rendered me most willing assistance 

 in examining specimens and tabulating the results as regards the pro- 

 portion of scales with different numbers of teeth. Without going very fully 

 into details, the general result of investigations along these lines, by 

 Dr. Riding and Messrs. A. U. Battley and A. Bacot, seems to be that 

 however much the scale structure of individuals of a species may vary 

 inter se, yet ferriujaria, Haw. has always a considerab!^ larger number 

 of many-teethed scales than unidenfaria. To sum up, femujarid gave 

 4;-! per cent, of scales with 2, 3 or 4 teeth, and 57 per cent, with 5, 6 

 or 7 ; while in unidentarid 82'6 per cent, had but 2, 3 or 4 teeth, only 

 17'4 per cent, having 5 or 6, the ])ercentage of G-toothed, indeed, being 

 but '2. I shall hope to pursue this subject further at some future time, 

 as 1 have already some very interesting notes and observations from the 

 gentlemen whom I have mentioned. But I introduced the subject here 

 in order to throw a little additional light on the s])ecific distinctness of 

 the two insects, and need only add that a purple variety of im/dnifaria 

 examined by Dr. Riding agreed with the black forms. 

 {To be coidiiincd). 



