COREMIA FEKEUGARIA, UAW. AND C. UNIDEKTARlA, HAW. 121 



to Mr. M. Fitz-Gibbon for the few which I possess ; also to Mr. W. F. 

 de V. Kane for interesting information on the distribution, &c., and for 

 opportunity of inspecting some of his series. These strongly striated 

 forms, sometimes with remarkably bright ochreous outer area, are, he 

 tells me, abundant in certain localities in Co. Tyrone, Sligo, West- 

 meath and Monaghan. The variegated ai^pearance due to striation, 

 &c., seems to have become fixed in parts of Ireland as forming a local 

 race, whereas in England it is generally only aberrational. 



Geographical distribution. — I have been somewhat surprised to 

 find that the range of our common /err?^(/arm. Haw., appears to be much 

 more restricted than that of its ally. 1 have no certain information of 

 its occurrence beyond the confines of Europe, though it is very probable 

 that it may extend into Siberia. It is common in Scandinavia ; fairly 

 so in Germany and Austria, though generally more local than unidentaria ; 

 probably common throughout France ; and Eversmann, in his Fauna 

 Vohjo-UralensiSy describes varieties which must belong to this species. 

 Staudinger's " Europe (except Andalusia, Sardinia and Greece) ; 

 Bithynia ; Altai ; Amur," is entirely unreliable, as he treats all the 

 red forms as one species. 



Unidentaria, as we call it, has, on the other hand, a very wide 

 range throughout the Pala^arctic and Nearctic regions ; the range of 

 the black aberration is probably co-extensive with that of the red form. 

 We may perhaps safely give this species the same list of localities that 

 Staudinger has given to his ferriujata, with the addition of a great part 

 of North America, where, as in Europe, it is dimorphic in respect of 

 colouring, so that American entomologists have supposed that they 

 obtain both the fernujaria and unidentaria of Haworth. There is some 

 ground for believing the range of the species is also extended southward 

 to Java. Its general representative in Australasia is cymaria, Gn., 

 which comes so near some forms of unidentaria that it is just possible 

 it may prove not to be specifically distinct. 



In the British Isles this species is less abundant and more local than 

 ferrugaria, Haw., and it seems that our climatic conditions are more than 

 ordinarily favourable to the production of the black race. The red 

 form, however, is not infrequent, though a good deal overlooked. I 

 have seen examples from the North Loudon district. Deal, Worthing, 

 Isle of Wight, Weymouth, Exeter, Swansea, Eugby, Wicken, York and 

 from Co. Tyrone in Ireland. Concerning the range of the black form, 

 it will be simplest to enumerate the districts where it does not occur or 

 is not common, Mr. Bankes reports that he has met with but very few 

 in his district (Isle of Purbeck, &g.) ; Mr. Harwood that it "does not 

 seem generally common here " (Colchester) ; Mr. Porritt that it " does 

 not occur in the Huddersfield district at all so far as I know " ; Mr. Keid 

 that he has never seen the insect alive and thinks, " if it occurs in the 

 North of Scotland, it must be either very local or very rare " ; and Mr. 

 de V. Kane that his opinion is " that unidentaria is much more restricted 

 in Ireland than ferruyaria." 



Habits. — Both species are generally double-brooded, but they (or at 

 least ferrugaria, Haw.) are probably normally single-brooded in the 

 North. Both nearly always hybernate in the pupal state, but Mr. 

 South had a curious experience with a brood of unidentaria in 

 1890-91, when four laggards of a brood from August ova hybernated 

 as larvee {Ent., xxiv., pp. 172-3). 



