SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND OBSKRVATIONS. 



173 



produced by defective nutrition, it may be exjiected tliat some 

 difference will be manifest in the scaling. So far, Mr. Newnham has 

 only told us in the most general terms tliat " viewed under the 

 microscope, the wing-scales appear very different from those of E. 

 cardamines.''' This one would expect on [)hysiological grounds, even if 

 the small form consists of ill-fed specimens of canlniainea, for it is very 

 clear that the scales, being structural and built up from the material in 

 the pupa, must suffer in common with the other organs of the imago. 

 Unless, therefore, there is a strongly marked and definite difference 

 between the scales of the two forms, a general difference is not likely 

 to be of much value. Mr, Newnham does not mention the females, 

 but, of course, if this be a true species, they occur with the males. 

 After all, as I have already observed, breeding is the one test to which 

 now-a-days every suggested new species must be subjected, and it is 

 greatly to be hoped that Mr. Newnham has succeeded in getting some 

 eggs, or will succeed in getting some larvae, and by the results of their 

 breeding confirm, or disprove, his present opinion. — F. J. Buckell. 

 June, 1894 



I have carefully looked through my series of E. cardamines, and am 

 unable to differentiate the specimens in the way suggested by Mr, 

 Newnham. In size, the specimens vary imperceptibly from the smallest 

 to the largest, except in the case of one female which is (piite a monster, 

 compared with any other cardamines 1 have ever seen. 



The following table will illustrate the connection between the " Size 

 of specimen," the " Position of the central black spot," and " The size 

 of orange blotch " in the males at present in my cabinet. I liave a 

 much larger number which I must work out later on : — 



N.B.— By comparing Colunms 4 and 5. it will be seen that the position of the black spot with 

 regard to the orange blotch, is due almost directly to the size of the latter, compared with the 

 size of the insect. 



