264 THE entomologist's keookd. 



Lapponia Dom. Ha^ffner. debeo. Aiiteiina3 quam in pi';ecedentibus (fili- 

 pendulae, hmicerae, trIfoUi, meliloti) breviores minusque incrassatfe. 

 Pedes distincte lutei ; collare lutescens. Alas latiores et magis rotundata^ 

 quam in Z. Jonicerae, cui etiam semper minor." Then on the following- 

 page (223) we read : — " Zygaena vanadis. Alis anticis fusco-virescentibus 

 siibdiaplianis, maculis quinque rubris, basali exteriori elongata, posticis 

 rubris margine fusco-diaphano latiore ; corpora pedibusque nigris pilosis; 

 antennis brevibus clava crassa. Habitat in Lapponia. Species ut 

 mihi videtur distincta, apud Auctores vix invenienda, magnitudine et 

 statura Z. exulantis, sed collare pedibusque nigris, nee venas alarum un- 

 quam albido-squamatas in hac specie inveni, nee macularum forma 

 omninu eadem. Antenna? nigrfe subtus atrse, minima c^rulescentes, 

 clava crassa, multo breviores quam in Z. lonicerae, apica obtusiusculae. 

 Thorax niger hirsutus, liaud virescens. Abdomen et pedes thorace 

 concoloria, valde pilosa. Ak>? antica? latiuscula? s(pAamulis parum niti- 

 dulis fusco-cyaneis tenere et parcius adsjiersje, unde aliB sub-hyahna? 

 ap})arent. Maculas quinque rubra?, colore et ordine ut in Z. lonicerae ; 

 basalis interior brevis ovata, exterior elongata, usque ad maculam an- 

 teriorem medii paris parvam ovatam jjroducta ; discoidea media, et 

 apicalis singula, subquadrato-rotundata?. Posteriores rubric margine 

 lato hyalino-fusco." — " Var. (3. Alis anticis fusco-cyaneis maculis o 

 sanguineis, aiiicali majori extus indaterminata." " Diflfert non nisi colore 

 saturatiore, et macula apicali majori subrotundata extus indeterminate 

 evanescanti. Corpus et pedes, immaculata, et de cataro omnia cum 

 var. a. (vanadis) conveniunt. Sjiacimen hnjus varietatis unicum, bene 

 consarvatum, e Lapponia, vidi in Mus. Dom. Schonherri." 



The desci-iption " fusco-virescantibus " applies to no Alpine speci- 

 mens that I have yet seen, except those from the Cogne Valley and 

 part of those from the Val Grauson, and the whole description 

 of Z. exnlans is an excellent one of a female Braamar specimen 

 — " sub-diaphanis, venis albidis, j^edibus luteis," are very characteristic 

 terms, inde])endent of the colour definition which very certainly fixes 

 the form. From the description, var. ranndis, which Dalman states 

 appears to him to be a distinct species, is of the size and build of Z. 

 exnlans and differs from it as wa see from the above description 

 only in tlic points which we have learned to look upon as 

 belonging to the mala specimens of exnlans. It is vary evident 

 that Dalman had never looked into the little matters which saem 

 important to us and that from our point of view all his specimens 

 formed a local race differing from the Alpine type. His var. (S. 

 " fusco-cyaneis," shows that he observed the colour dimorphism of 

 green and purple (blue) so common in almost all Zyga?nas. Here evi- 

 dently then is the earliest description of that race Avhich occurs in 

 Lapponia, Scotia, Cogne and Val Grauson,, and its name must clearly be 

 vanadis, whilst the var. snbochracea of White, must sink. 



To make this as conq)lete as possible, 1 looked over the specimens from 

 Lapland in the British ]\hiseum collection. They appear to be all males, 

 and are distinctly of the dark Scotch form, probably a shade larger than 

 the ordinary examjtles captured, altliough differing in no way from 

 selected specimens of the Scotch race. They are all labelled var. ranadis, 

 and compare very accm-ately with Dalman 's description. Two Lap- 

 land specimens received from Mr. Maddison (one an excei)tionally large 

 one) are also of this dark form. These two are both males. 



