COLLECTINC; KOCTUllt.*; BV l,AKK EKIE. 101 



none from California. In 'England, sntellitia stands ;i little l)y itself; 

 in America, our nine species give the genus (juite a different exju-ession, 

 the tliree al)errant forms favouring a little Xdnthia and Oiiliosi'a. Our 

 handsomest species are, perhaps, ceromaticd, iiioj[f'atlana and .svVZ».s ; 

 walkeri is rather dingy, and deria a little peculiar. After i)aying the 

 customary American tribute of one S3aionym to M. (juenee, and 

 another to Mr. Walker, I am to be credited with the remaining seven. 

 The number reminds me of the poem " We are seven," for the unreason 

 that there were originally nine perhaps, or because there is something 

 pathetic in the way our names for our species, described during tlie past 

 twenty- five years in America, are disappearing through a comparison 

 with the " types " in the British Museum collection. At last accounts 

 the particular seven are saved, and I confess I would not lose cerorwa//ca 

 and dccia for a good deal. That night I took a number of our grey 

 Lithophanes, and when, towards ten o'clock (the moths had ceased 

 flying), I turned in for the night, which was getting chilly, it was not 

 without a satisfactory glance at the " store jar," promising myself the 

 pleasure of sorting and setting my captures on the morrow, wlien the 

 wings would be relaxed. At least I had come for Xoctuids and had 

 not been disappointed. That night I dreamed of new species to be 

 discovered. There was at that time and there still exists for the 

 collector in America the advantage that he may hope for the possible 

 known, as also for the possible unknown, for I myself caught the first 

 discovered specimens of the butterfly Calephelis horealis, and many an 

 undescribed moth has dropjied into my ' collecting bottle.' However, 

 in collecting butterflies, as in other affairs, Brag is a good dog, but 

 Holdfast is a better. 



JSlotes on Butterfly Pupae, Witli some reniarl^s ori the 

 Phylogenesis of the I^Iiopalocera.* 



By T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.E.S. 



The object of this paper is to furnish an analysis of certain details 

 in the structure of the pupa3 of the Ehopalocera. These details have 

 been found to be very interesting in the case of the Hetekocera, 

 where they appear to give indications of the lines of evolution of the 

 different groups and families at least as plainly as any other details of 

 structure that have been studied with a view to tracing these relation- 

 ships, and in the main to point to phylogenetic arrangements very 

 similar to those which have been elucidated in other ways b}" various 

 authorities, and so to lend valuable support to the change which has 

 been made in the position of some of tlie families. 



I may say that, with the butterfly at least as much as with the 

 moth, I have found it necessary actually to handle the pupa, or pupa- 

 case, in order to understand it, as hardly any description or figure 

 gives the re(|uisite information. It is true that from a figuie, tlie i)U2)a 

 of, say, CaUidryaii (an American genus between Colias and Goitcjittri/x) 

 can be seen to })resent a similar form and structure to that of Cflins or 

 Gonepteri/x ; but one is, so far as the figure goes, left quite in the dark 

 as to precisely what that form and structure are, and can only judge 



* A pai)er read before the City of London Entomological Society on 

 April 17th, 1894. 



