NOTICES AND REVIEWS. 19 



to make love to a lady butterfly robed in palest saffron hue, or even in 

 bridal white. High up the mountains he occasionally sails, a few 

 seconds sufficing to take him up the one, two, or three thousand feet 

 over which we bipeds have to spend some hours. But the flowery 

 banks along the lower levels of the pine woods are the Pale Clouded 

 Yellow's chosen haunts. 



" Upon the breezy mountain sides, where, as we have seen C. hyale 

 sometimes roams, the paler Colias palaeno is to be found, never 

 by any chance, it seems, does the latter come below the pines ; on the 

 contrary, it usually remains above them, or at their higher levels, but 

 on the exposed mountain tops it makes its way successfully against 

 the stiftest breeze, and is now and then found fighting with a specimen 

 of its still paler relative (d phicomone), which, with its white or 

 creamy coat dusted thickly all over with grey, appears to be the beau 

 ideal of a butterfly for the Alpine heights. No altitude appears too 

 great for the latter, no breeze too powerful. It sails along by the side 

 of the glacier, over the snow, or across the upland pastures. It also has a 

 powerful flight, and occasionally comes down for a short distance into 

 the valley, but its visits there appear to be rare indeed. Now and again 

 a male C. hyale may be seen chasing his rival back, as it were, to 

 its own domain, or toying with a lady not of his own race, and un- 

 successfully attemping to win her love. 



" This fine Alpine (L pMcovione is an interesting species, for it is 

 probably one of the oldest existing forms of this lovely genus. The 

 male sometimes shows a tendency to assume a warmer tinted coat, 

 and dresses himself in yellow, but over this yellow coat he is always 

 well sprinkled with grey, and there is consequently about him a look 

 of hoary age. Very thickly sprinkled indeed are the grey scales, 

 threatening even occasionally to hide the brighter garb beneath. The 

 ladies, however, are always pale, not with a clear white complexion, 

 but with a washed out pallid hue, which is intensified by the greyness 

 that encroaches upon, or rather envelops it ; or may it not rather be 

 that the grey dress is the true one, and that the paler parts are attempts 

 to relieve and enliven the duller ground colour ? Males and females, 

 too, have pale spots in the dark border surrounding the wings, which 

 is so characteristic of this group, breaking it up, in fact, so much, that 

 it almost ceases to be a border at all. 



" Now examine, carefully, one of the warmer tinted males, that 

 we referred to just now. Suppose that its coating of grey were lifted 

 up, leaving only the brighter yellow hue beneath, and that the border 

 containing the spots were a little more conspicuous and distinct, and 

 we have C. hyale. There is no greater difterence in their general 

 appearance than this, all the characters of the one are repeated in the 

 other, and the difterences are really so small and insignificant, that, 

 probably, if we observe the insects closely, we may be able to discover 

 why these difterences have been brought into existence." 



Then, after a description of the clear coloured yellow male, and the 

 pale creamy-white female of G. hyale, Mr. Tutt continues : — 



" The undersides of the two (phicomone and hyale) are almost 

 identical, though they are somewhat brighter in C. hyale. We have 

 seen how well the yellow of the latter corresponds with the bright 

 yellow flowers of the trefoil or hieracium, that the insect loves so 

 Avell ; but Avhere the Alpine species (phicomone) loves most to roam, 



