102 THE entomologist's record. 



Passing now to the Middle form, this occurs predominantly at 

 Morpeth, in Northmiiberland. Mr. Tutt has it from Carlisle, and 

 I received a large number from a generous correspondent at Penrith. 

 In addition I have specimens from West Argyleshire, and Mr. Tutt 

 has it from several parts of Ireland. Much to my surprise, Captain 

 Blaydes Thompson received specimens of this form from so southern 

 a locality as Thorne Waste, which is situated near the Lincolnshire 

 border of Yorkshire. In the colour of the upper surface this form 

 varies from a tint almost as dark as the Southern form to one 

 resembling that of C. iiamphilm. Ocellated spotsare generally present on 

 the upper surface of both wings, but are small and surrounded by an 

 ochreous instead of a fulvous ring, and are rarely more, often less, 

 than three in number on the hind-wings. The basal half of the under 

 surface of the hind-wings is greenish tending to ashy, and in fresh 

 specimens is characteristically hairy ; the outer area is of a somewhat 

 brownish shade, and there are five ocellated spots, distinctly marked but 

 small, with pale ochreous rings. 



The Northern form seems to have its headquarters about 

 Aberdeen, at least it is from there that it generally reaches our 

 cabinets. Mr. Tutt has it from Rannoch, and a single specimen from 

 Killarney. The colour of the upper surface varies a good deal, but 

 generally has something of a ferruginous tint ; the female, however, 

 is of a " pamphilus " tint. The ocellation of the upper surface of the 

 fore-wing is always obscure, often consisting only of a tiny ochreous dot 

 or two, and frequently ocellated spots are entirely absent. The colour 

 of the under-side of the hind-wing is not very different from that of the 

 Middle form ; there is, however, less distinction between the basal 

 and outer areas ; as in that, the basal area is hairy ; the characteristic 

 of this form as regards the ocellation of the under surface of the hind- 

 wings is obsolescence ; frequently ocellated spots are almost imperceptible, 

 and sometimes no trace of them can be discovered ; there are never 

 more than one or two that are at all distinct. 



Shortly, these three forms may be differentiated by the condition 

 of the ocellation of the under surface of the hind-wings, thus : — 

 Southern form ; ocellated spots large and distinct. 

 Middle form : ocellated spots small and distinct. 

 Northern form : ocellated spots obsolescent. 



It may be, although my geographical knowledge does not enable 

 me to say whether it is the case, that the three forms also represent 

 different ranges in altitude above sea-level. 



The three forms occur in their typical perfection in the localities I 

 have indicated, but we also find areas of admixture. Forms inter- 

 mediate between the Southern and Middle forms occur, so far as my 

 material goes, at Carlisle, Rotherham, Thorne Waste, and Goole ; and 

 between the Middle and Northern at Carlisle, Morpeth, Glasgow, and 

 Pitcaple, as well as at Mohill, in County Leitrim. 



Having thus indicated the characteristics and distribution of the 

 three forms which seem worthy to bear names, I turn next to the 

 names which they have borne in the writings of our countrymen. 

 With regard to the Southern form our course is easy. This was the 

 earliest form observed here, and appears to have been first met with 

 rather more than a hundred years ago. Lewin, who is the first 

 British author to notice it, says, in 1795, that it was " scarcely known 



