CCENONYMPHA TYPHON, ETC. 103 



in England till lately, when a gentleman found several in a swampy 

 situation near Manchester." By Lewin and Donovan it was supposed 

 to be the /'. hem of Linnaeus, an identification which, as we shall see, 

 could be defended from the works of that author. From the time of 

 Haworth, however, on to that of Stainton, it was uniformly known by 

 the trivial name of darm, and Mr. W. F. Kirby, both in the little 

 Manual nf European JyutterfUes (1862), and in his Sj/non!/)iiic Catalogue 

 applies this name to it under the belief that it was the form that 

 Fabricius described under that name. Newman adopts the varietal 

 name rothliebii, by which, since his time, this form has generally been 

 known in this country. 



The other two forms have never been very clearly differentiated by 

 British authors. Haworth describes two species under the respective 

 names of Pap. poh/rhnna and Pap. tijphnn. There can, I think, be no 

 doubt that Haworth's description {Lep. Brit., vol. i., p. 16, No. 17) 

 of Pap. poli/dama applies to what I have called the Middle form. A 

 translation of it runs as follows : — " Upper Surface — Fore- wings 

 greyish-fulvous, with two blind ocellated spots near the outer margin. 

 Hind-wings fuscous, but with a broad whitish inner-marginal area, and 

 with one small blind ocellus near the anal angle. Under S-urface — 

 Fore-wings fulvous-fuscous, blackish at the base, ashy at the apex, 

 with an abbreviated transverse whitish fascia ; between this fascia and 

 the hind-margin are two ocellated spots, distant from one another, with 

 obsolete white pupils and a black iris surrounded with white. Hind-wings 

 have a broad blackish fascia at the base, toothed at the outer side, and 

 terminated by an irregular whitish fasciola ; beyond this the colour is 

 ashy ; there are six small ocellated spots, of which three are almost obliter- 

 ated; all the ocelli are surrounded with a white ring." Haworth further 

 says that this insect much resembles in size the insect which he had just 

 before described under the name of Pap. davus, but differs from it in 

 being rather of a fulvous tint on the upper surface and ashy beloAV, and 

 in having smaller ocelli, whose cincture is white instead of fulvous. The 

 single specimen from which Haworth made his description was sent to 

 him by Mr. Watson, who "once took it in Yorkshire." This form 

 continued to be known by this name to Stephens, Duncan, and 

 Westwood, but by later authors it has been mixed up with the 

 Northern form under the name of darns. Stephens mentions North 

 Wales as a locality where it occurs. Miss -Jermyn, who generally 

 follows Haworth closely, for some unaccountable reason changed the 

 name to poh/meda. 



The Northern form is probably that which Haworth fl.r.) describes 

 under the name of I'ap. ti/plmn. The only doubt upon the point is 

 due to the fact that he gives Yorkshire as its habitat, from which 

 locality it had been sent to him, like the preceding, by Mr. Watson. 

 Mr. Porritt, who is an authority on Y^orkshire lepidoptera, writes to 

 me : " Your Northern form I have from Scotland only ; I have never 

 seen it in Yorkshire, and should be very much astonished to do so." 

 Haworth's description I have translated as follows : " Male — all 

 wings greyish-ferruginous on the upper surface, either without ocelli 

 or with an obsolete one on the fore-wings. Under surface — Fore- 

 wings ferruginous with an abbreviated white fascia beyond the middle ; 

 one ocellus with a white pupil, black iris and whitish ring ; apex ashy- 

 whitish. Hind- wings, from the base almost to the middle, very hairy 



