NOTES ON LAKViE, ETC. 163 



3a.0TES ON LARY^, &c. 



Abundance op Phorodesma smaragdaeia larv«. — The larvne of 

 P. smaragdaria were very abundant this year. I took a friend down 

 to a locality, and we took nearly a gross in one afternoon. They can 

 readily be seen, but you must work on hands and knees, and search 

 even to the roots. Often by beating the plants and then parting the 

 stems several Avill be found in one bunch of the food-plant. — H. J. 

 Turner, F.E.S., 13, Drakefell Eoad, Hatcham, S.E. 



I can fully endorse Mr. Turner's statement as to the abundance 

 of P. smaragdaria larvtp. I visited a favoured spot twice early in 

 August, and took on the first occasion 2-13 larvfe, and on the second 

 251. — F. G. Whittle, 3, Marine Avenue, Southend. 



Probable submergence of larv.e feeding on salt marshes. — I 

 think the food-plauts of Phorodesma smaragdaria, Clisiocampa 

 castrensis and Epichnopferyx rcticeUa are submerged when the 

 larvfe are feeding, and, in the case of the first and last, when they are 

 in pupa ; although I cannot positively say that this is the case, I have 

 often, at the time of " spring tides," seen the drift well up the river 

 wall, above the level of the marsh, and have on various occasions 

 found puparia of P. smaragdaria in their frail cocoons attached 

 (almost always Ioav down) to the food-plant on the open marsh, and 

 bearing in mind the fact that P. smaragdaria is a larva for about 

 ten months, I feel sure that it must get many a ducking. — F. G. 

 Whittle, Southend. Oet. Idth, 1895. 



I have collected the very young larvcC of Phorodesma smaragdaria 

 at the end of August, on the Essex coast, and I can say with every 

 confidence that I have taken larvre, about an hour after the tide 

 receded, on plants which had been submerged from twelve to twenty 

 inches. I observed this on three separate visits. — J. J. F. X. King, 

 F.E.S., Glasgow. Nov. 5th, 1895. 



Breeding Callimorpha hera. — I see by reference to back numbers 

 of the periodicals that several persons who have bred ( '. hera experi- 

 enced difficulty in the pupating and emerging stages. Is this because 

 they do not give them earth or sand ? Mr. Porritt kindly sent me 

 five larvffi of this insect early in May last. These I fed up in an 

 ordinary flower-pot, half full of sand, upon cultivated rose. I never 

 had less difficulty with any insects. They all pupated under the sand, 

 and all emerged perfect specimens. Although I found three of them 

 together, two males and one female, on a sunny morning freshly 

 emerged, they did not " bang about," but sat perfectly quiet, and were 

 not in the least damaged. The five proved to be tAvo of the ordinary 

 red type, tAVO of the yelloAV ab. lutescens, and one of an intermediate 

 orange colour. I began feeding the larvse on dandelion, but found 

 that they preferred the leaA'es of the ordinary old-fashioned garden 

 rose, knoAvn locally as ^the "maiden blush." — J. C. Moberly, M.A,, 

 9, Rockstone Place, Southampton. 



^g^EYIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. 



List of North American Eupterotuxe, Ptilodontid.e, Thyatirid^, 

 Apatelid^ and Agrotid.e, by A. Eadclifte Grote, M.A. [Bremen, 

 1895.] — WhateA-er Professor Grote takes in hand AVe can always be 

 sure will be well done. This List shows an enormous amount 



