REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF BOOKS. ^IB 



gives himself away. This is exceptional, for it is rarely one knows 

 where he is or where one is one's-self . Here it is :— 

 Phylogkny of Papilionida. 

 NymphalidEe Satyridse 



Erycinidae Lycffiiiidro 



Pieridffi I'apilionidEe 



Hesperidse. 

 Now, we call this a really clever table, clever from its extreme 

 simplicity. Chapman can tell us of pupal segments ; Dyar of larval 

 tubercles, but here is the Phylogeny on the " six feet " and " four 

 feet " structure, a retrogression that leads us back to Linnd, but in 

 its new dress how modern it all appears. Would that all these 

 " tables " were based even on such good ground as this ! 



The author's main character is neuration. It may be well to 

 examine one of his conclusions, taken at random, based on this 

 feature. The neuration of all our Blues is identical with that of 

 ('Iirj/Mijihanus and Zcpln/rus {ijucirus and betulaf), and the characters it 

 presents form a marked characteristic of the Lycsenids. But ('alldji/n-i/i^ 

 {rubi) and Thecla (pnmi and ir-albtoii) present marked variations 

 from the normal type, and in doing so, in a subfamily in which the 

 neuration is unusually constant, the variation must bo looked upon as 

 an important character, yet we find the Li/caeuidac divided into three 

 genera, and these three genera tabulated as follows : — 



Fore-wings with 6 (uervure) out of 9 1. Tliecla. 



,, ,, G separate 2. Chrysoplnniiis 



and Li/caena. 

 Then we find 2 separated as follows : — 



(1) 'Ejes g[iihi-ous=:C)inj!;oplia mix. [2) Eyes hairy=7.//r(/t')(«. 



Now one might safely assume that the neuration of TJwda (which includes, 

 according to our author, u--ulhiuii,pnuu, ruhi, (puncus ^^^ndh'tidae) &\\n]d\iii 

 some characteristic difi'erence from the neuration of t'/tri/sophaiias and 

 Lijcacna, yet it is a fact (and to make doubly sure we have just run 

 over our slides of the wings of every British species in the family), 

 that the neuration of betulae and quercus is identical with, and that of 

 pruni, iv-albiiin and rubi entirely different from, that of ClinjsopJianm and 

 Lycaena. Further on, to get out of the complication this has brought 

 about, we read that Thecla has the nervures of the fore-wings so 

 arranged that "6 is out of 9, 8 out of 9 or absent," which is a very 

 clear definition, and suggests a character that is quite reliable (besides 

 being different from the character of the genus as given above) ; and 

 then our author, after combining the three genera represented by our 

 British Hairstreaks, and which Scudder ditterentiated clearly enough 

 ten or twelve years ago on oval, larval, pupal and imaginal characters, 

 divides Chnjsophanu^t and Ijp'acna as follows : — 



" Chrysophanus. — Eyes glabrous. Club of antennte elongate. Eore-wings G 

 separate, 8 and 9 stalked." 



"Lycaena. — Eyes hairy. Club of antenna! elongate. Fore-wings G separate 

 8 and 9 stalked." 



