SOCIETIES, 287 



The result is obvious. The classification is based on the correlation 

 of the schemes suggested by Chapman, Comstock, Dyar, Hampson 

 and Packard, and hence of the 22 chapters we get 19 as follows : — 

 " Sphingides," " Saturniides," " Bombycides," " Chelonides," 

 " Drepanulides," " Pseudo-Bombycides," " Noctuides," " The Geo- 

 metriform Noctuides," " Geometrides," "Deltoides," " Other families of 

 the Obtectfie," " The Incomplete," " Pterophorides," " Hepialides," 

 " Zeuzerides," " Tineides," " Cochliopodides," " Zygfi'nides," " Proto- 

 Lepidoptera or Eriocephalides." It will be seen by this arrangement 

 that all the Families are dealt with, but whilst all the species of the 

 old jMacro-Lepidoptp^ra and the Dkltoidks are dealt with at length, 

 those of the old Miceo-Lkpidoptera occupy much less space, although 

 their positions and relationships are clearly indicated. The other 

 chapters not enumerated above are " The Study of Entomology," 

 " Moths or Heterocera," "Apparatus, Pinning and Setting Insects, 

 Killing Insects, Rearing Insects." The summaries at the end of each 

 section are quite a new and interesting feature, and it is doubtful 

 whether the book will be more warmly welcomed by the collector or 

 the scientific lepidopterist. That part of Chapter xi. dealing with the 

 " Pugs " is really one continuous series of " Practical Hints," telling 

 the collector where and how to get them, and leading him to readily 

 distinguish the species rather by their localities and habits than by 

 wordy descriptions. Some of the most striking alterations from the 

 old scheme are — the bringing up of h'ndrouiis and Saturn ia near the 

 Sphingides ; the separation of the Chelonides from the Bombycides 

 proper ; the separation of the Wainscot moths into two distinct Sub- 

 families, the Leucanids going with the Xoctxiiiac, the Nonagriids with 

 the Apaiiicinae ; the addition of the Stilbidi (including ( 'hurtodcs) to 

 the ( 'aradrininae, and the combination of the species in the Apaniddi 

 and Hadoiidi into the same sub-family. The Bryophilas come very 

 near to the Dianthoecias and Hadenas proper, and no one will be 

 surprised to see the species of Maincstni and Hadena closely united. 

 Among the Geojietrides many new combinations occur, some of 

 which appear to be natural enough, others evidently are more 

 doubtful in their relationships. The author owns his utter inability 

 to suggest the relationship of Auisoptcn/.r acxrularia. Perhaps the 

 enumeration of the families and sub-families in the Geometrides will 

 give the best idea of the order followed:—!. Geometrid.e (Macariinar, 

 Jiuiiiiinac, Xeroiinat', Cahcrinac, Acidaliinae, J^pJiijrinac, Geomftrhiac). 

 II. Larentiid^ (Lobojdiorlnae, FAipitlnriinae, Larentiinae [including 

 Cidaria]). III. Fidoniid.e [OrthoUtltinaf, Sioninar, Fiduniinac, 

 Lhiiinac). IV. Hybkrniid.e (Jfi/bciiiiutai', Kraniinae). V. Boarmid.e 

 (Dasi/iJiinac, Bolctohiinac, lUxuiidinac). VI. Amphidasyd^e. VII. 

 Urapterygidj:. VIII. Metrocampid^e. IX. EnnomidJ': {Odontopcrinai', 

 Fynnoininac). There are but few alterations in either generic or 

 specific names, although a few genera are rearranged, and some {cij., 

 Kujiitlwria) are sub-divided. The plates are (for British colour- 

 printing work) very good, but there is a marked difference between 

 what are evidently the old and the new figures. Plates VI. and XI. are 

 the best, and entirely new, and the initials " W.A.P." to the woodcuts 

 indicate that Mr. W. A. Pearce has had a hand in this part of the 

 work. 



The following Table will give an idea of the value of the summaries 

 to be found at the end of the chapters : — 



