302 THE entomologist's record. 



p. rapae, P. napi : — The first scarce, a few larvae are found in the 

 garden on XoKturtium (Indian Cress), they rest on the underside of 

 leaves and stalks ; /-'. rapae, common, its larvae feed on the same plant, 

 iisually lie on the upper side of the leaves and along the midribs, 

 those on the darker varieties of Tropoeolum darker in colour than the 

 others; /'. iiajii is not a garden visitor, but is common on waste places 

 at Honor Oak Park, etc. ('idias cdusa : I took two splendid specimens 

 of var. Iiclicc at Honor Oak Park on August Rank Holiday, 1892, and 

 a worn specimen of the type, but have not seen the insect since. 

 Va)ti'ssa urtirac, I'l/iaiiicis atalanta and /'. cardiii : — I', urticae occurs 

 sparingly in the district, but does not visit the garden, nor have I 

 found its larva, V. atalanta came freely to sugar in my back garden 

 in the great sugar year, 1893. It almost always appeared quite late 

 in the afternoon, and I do not remember a single one turning up in 

 the morning. I found a single larva of 1'. canlui feeding on a 

 composite plant in my garden. The species is moderately common 

 in the district, but occasionally disappears ; for instance, I did 

 not see it at all last year. Mr. Reginald IS. Sellon (7V»f. Itceurd, ii., 

 pp. 163-4) mentions ]'. poh/rldaros and T'. iu. KpimpJuie ianira and 

 K. tithonus are moderately common on waste places, but not garden 

 visitors. Paranji' iiie<iacra is recorded by Mr. Sellon. Coenuityinp/ia 

 painphilus is very common on waste places. Chriimphanua phhwas is 

 also very common, its larv* feeding on, I believe, Ilunicr pidrhfr 

 (Fiddle Dock). They are hard to see, as they occupy the centre of the 

 plant where their bodies are about the same size as, and the crimson 

 dorsal line and broader spiracular stripe render them very like, the young 

 curled-up leave?. PolyumwatiLH icarus is occasionally caught in the 

 neighbourhood ; Ci/aniris aiyiidus is mentioned by Mr. Sellon as 

 scarce, and Mr. Jno. A. Helps {Ent. Piecord, ii., p. 140) adds Pa)ii])hila 

 si/lranns. The district is thus credited with 17 of the Rhopalocera, of 

 which I have taken 12, and my garden has produced four. 



Sjdihi.r liiiustri is recorded by Mr. Helps. Mr. Sellon says it is not 

 unconnnon, and mentions N. coiirolndi. Snwi utthus ocdlatiis, S. papuli 

 and N. tiliae occur. The first is scarce, one at a street lamp being my only 

 record, and the larva never. S. jjajndi is common, flying in the 

 garden inunediately after dusk, and coming straight into the house 

 to the nearest light, if the windows are open. In 1894 I captured a 

 female ovipositing on Pojndus alha; she gave me some 300 ova, which, 

 on hatching, I was surprised to find would not feed on that tree. I 

 divided the brood, placing a number on P. balsam ifeia, which was at 

 once taken to. Those left on white poplar all died, whilst the others 

 took any variety indifl'erently except that, which they completely 

 refused. One of these larvae had red stripes, and produced a redder 

 imago than any of the others ; they fed exclusively at night, re- 

 maining in the " Sphinx " attitude all day. Pupation takes place on, 

 or immediately under, the surface of the ground, without any case 

 being spun, the position of the pupa being indifterently head up, head 

 down, or on its side, the perfect insect usually emerging in the 

 morning ; sometimes in the autumn if kept indoors, even in a room 

 without a fire. I have failed to breed the hybrid between S. puptdi 

 and S. ucellatus, although I have on one or two occasions 

 hatched out the larvae. .S'. tiliae is fairly common, the larvae feeding 

 on the large elm trees, apparently high up, as they have been knocked 



