HYBERNATING STAGES OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 99 



Calloplirys ruhi. — Pupa (Buckler, 



Harwoocl, Barrett). 

 Lampides hoetica — Egg (Milli^re), 

 Thecla w-album. — Egg (Newman, 



Fitch). 

 Thechi pruni. — Egg (Newman, Fitch). 

 Zeplnirittt heUtlae. — Egg (Newman, 



Fitch). 

 Zephxirus quercus. — Egg (Newman, 



Fitch). 

 Nemeohius lucina. — Pupa (Newman, Fitch). 



Cyaniris argiulnx. — Pupa (Buclcler). 

 Cupido minima. — Larva (Hellins, 



Fitch). 

 Polyoximatua astrarche. — Larva 



(Zeller. Fitch). 

 PolyommntU!^ corydoii. — Larva (Fitch). 

 PolyoiiniKitHx hcllarquK. — Larva 



(Hellins, Fitch). 

 PU'hcius acfjon. —Egg (Fitch, Buckler). 



A question appears to have arisen about Z. quennis, owing to an 

 egg having been deposited on a sallow leaf, Mr. Hellins writing 

 {E.M.M., xiv., 112) : — " The sallow leaf would before long have fallen 

 from the bush and decayed ; and if the larva is not hatched till the 

 spring, what meanwhile becomes of the egg?" It would appear that this 

 proceeding must have been quiteninusual, the egg being (or is generally 

 supposed to be) laid on oak twigs, where the egg is safe enough. Can 

 anyone say he has ever found an undoubted Z. qiiercm egg on an oak- 

 twig ? or indicate an exact record on the point ? 



There appears also to have been some uncertainty about P. astrarche, 

 for although Zeller gives it correctly as hybernating in the larval stage, 

 Newman gives it as doing so in the " egg." Buckler confirmed 

 Zeller's testimony. He obtained eggs September 13th, 1877, which 

 hatched September 19th ; larvae hybernated from November 3rd to 

 March 7th, 1878 ; pupated May 15th-24th. 



Fitch queries Lamjddes hoetica as hybernating in the egg state, but 

 ]\Iilliere's statement is very definite. 



The species whose hybernating stage was doubtful until quite 

 recently were numerous. Fitch (1879) queried several as not certainly 

 known. Some of these have, and some have not yet, been cleared up. 

 Those which were then uncertain are as follows : — 



Chrysophanus dispar. — " ? Larva (Fitch). Larva (Newman)." This 

 has never been positively determined, although Newman gives it as one 

 of the " certain" species. Does anyone know how the larva of the 

 Continental var. rutilm hybernates ? 



Ckrysopliamis phloeas. — "? Pupa (Newman). Larva (Moncreaff, 

 Harwood, Hellins)." — Fitch says, " the only authority I can find for the 

 hybernation of this very common species is Mr. Moncreaff's note at 

 Ent., iii., p. 41." The larva feeds up very slowly until December, is 

 very sluggish until the end of -January, when it commences to feed 

 again. 



Lycaena arinn. — " ? Larva (Fitch)." It is well known that the 

 egg hatches in the summer, and we believe that the larva is to be ob- 

 tained again in the following spring, so that it is very probable that 

 the species hybernates in the larval state. 



XumiadeH ^emiarym.- — " Unknown (Newman, Fitch). Pupa (Eiihl)." 

 Quoting Riihl, I write in British Butterflies, (£t., p. 1(35 : — " The pupa 

 lives through the winter. It is attached by its anal segment to a stalk of 

 its food-plant, and has also a silk girdle round the waist." 



P(dy<)iiniiat2(s icanis.—^^ Larva (Kaltenbach). ? Larva (Fitch). Egg 

 (Newman)." This is another of Newman's very many errors published 

 in his British Pnitterflies. The observation of Kaltenbach having been 

 repeatedly verified. Buckler had larvne which hybernated from 



