110 THE KNTOMOLOGIST's KECOIID. 



pupation was usually very irregular, emergence was also. — J. W- 



TUTT. 



Pupation of Apamea ophiogramma. — Eeferring to Mr. Burrows' 

 notes on Aiminea opJikn/ramma, I find a large proportion of my larvae 

 have pupated in the dead stems of last year's grass, about two or 

 three inches above ground. — W. B. Thornhill, Castle Cosey, Castle 

 Bellingham. Junt' %ul, 1896. 



J^RACTICAL HINTS. 



Field Work for June and July. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 



1. — During July the lloAvers of common centaury {Eyijthraea 

 centauira) should be gathered for larvae of Miiiiacscoptilus zoiilioilacti/lns. 



2. — In July, at Tuddenham, examine the heads of Sisi/mbriHiii, 

 which are just seeding. Many of the apparent seed-pods will be 

 found to be full-grown larvae of Lithnstcf/c i/riscata. 



3. — The banks by the sides of the roads at the same time and place 

 will give a plentiful supply of larvae of Hecatcra serena and Dianthoccia 

 irnyularis. If the latter is not to be swept, search carefully at the 

 roots of Hllene otitcs. the food-plant, scraping the earth away gently 

 with the fingers, and the larvte will be found hiding during the day. 



4. — Towards the end of July and early in August the larva of 

 EupitJu'cia raiiipanulata is to be obtained by knocking the plants of 

 the nettle-leaved bell-flower [Cawpanula trachduim) against the sides 

 of an open umbrella. The larvjc feed in the seed-capsules. In con- 

 finemement they will feed upon garden species of Campanula. In 

 some localities almost every dry corolla-tube contains one or more 

 larvae. 



5. — At the end of July the full-fed larvjB of Gracilaria omisscUa 

 blister the leaves of Artemhia. The moths usually emerge about 

 three weeks later. 



6. — The larva of Emmdesia decnlorata is to be obtained by 

 collecting the capsules of Li/chnis dioica in July. 



7. — The tops of the shoots of Kup/iorhia aini/fidaloidcs should be 

 collected in July, if the central leaves be spun together. The larva of 

 Scricoris cupJiorbiana lives within, and bores down the stem some 

 distance. The pieces picked off should therefore be of good length. 



8. — Collect capsules of SUcne in July for larvJB of 1-hipitliccia 

 renomta. Seed-heads (unripe capsules) of lAnaria ndi/aris in July and 

 August contain larvu3 of E. Unariata. Flowers of IHijitalis purjiurra 

 (foxglove) in July contain larvae of E. pxdclwllata . Flowers of 

 Vahiiana officinalis succour larvte of E. ralrrianata in July. Seed-pods 

 and flowers of Melamj yrum pratem^c in July and August produce E. 

 pUonhcolata . 



9. — Towards the end of July examine bedstraw ( (Jaliuin) from 10 p.m. 

 to 12 midnight with a lantern. By this means the larva.> of Clunro- 

 campa porcellus can often be found in considerable numbers. 



10. — Towards the latter end of July, and throughout August, 

 Ereviohia itchrolcuca loves to sit in the centre of a flower of ('cntaurca 

 i^ralnnfta (or Ciiii/ra) in the afternoon sunshine. 



11. — Beat larch towards the end of July for full-fed larvte of 

 Eupitlucia lariciata. 



