162 THE entomologist's record. 



distinctly all the imaginal structures beneath ; the imaginal wings 

 distinctly visible through pupal wings, the full colour and markings 

 being very distinct. The imago emerged about 11 a.m. 



The newly emerged imago has a similar habit to that I have pre- 

 viously described as occurring in Mditcwa aurinia, and other species, 

 viz., that when the wings have attained their full size, but have not 

 become stiffened, they are held so as to form a convex curve outwards, 

 the inner margins of the wings being near, whilst the central 

 portions of the wings are at some distance from, each other. 



Varieties of Melanippe fluctuata. 



By LOUIS B. PllOUT, F.E.S. 

 (Continued frnvi p. 155 y. 



I now append a tabulation of the principal distinguishable aberra- 

 tions, with such brief comments as seem desirable. 



1. Fluctuata, Linn., S.N. ed. x., p. 527 ; ct auct. — Type form, 

 with central fascia broad, on costal half of wing only. 



Sub-forms: — a. Cinerascent, the ground-colour not conspicuously 

 spotted ; the c.f. abruptly terminated in centre of wing = fluctuata, L. 

 (1758) = rincrata, Fourcr., Ent. Paris., p. 274 (1785). This form 

 does not appear to be very frequent. 



b. Darker dusted, c.f. continued by dark rings, or slight dusky 

 shading, to inner margin = Var. I., Snellen, Vlinders, i,, 668. = ab. 

 fihulata (?Hfn., Bcii. Mai/., iv., 604). — As far as it goes, Hufnagel's 

 description oihisfJl)ulata, which Rottemburg determines asjiuduata, L., 

 agrees with this very common form of the species ; in any case, I am 

 not aware that it has otherwise been separately named, and it may, 

 therefore, pass as ^\fibulata, n. ab.," if my citation of Hfn. appear 

 precarious. The form is figured by Schwarz (PI. xxiii., fig. 3 [5 by 

 error] and 4), Duponchel (PI. 189, fig. 3), Lyonet (PI. xxvii., fig. 21), 

 and others, presumably including Albin's wretched figure (PI. xcix., g). 

 Guenee's " type " figure (Goedart, Mctaiiiorphasis, iii, PI. K) comes 

 between abs. a and b of my classification, the band being broken off in 

 the centre, as in the Linnean type, but resumed again in a spot on the 

 inner margin — a phase of variation very frequent in some allied 

 species, such as MdantJn'a bicolorata. 



c. Ground colour ochraceous, markings as in ab. h = ab. ochrcata, 

 n. ab. — Here I would refer Hb. 249, though his figure is more 

 brownish than the genuine ochraceous examples, of which there is one 

 in the Zeller collection (labelled " Europe "), a record from Perthshire 

 by Mr. T. W. Hall {Pmr. S. Land. Ent. Soc, 1894, p. 65), and of 

 which I have one bred example from my garden at Dalston. Wood's 

 fig. 559 is also inclining towards this form. 



Note. — The occasional almost pure white specimens, if otherwise 

 typical, need not be separated from the very pale type of Linnaeus. In 

 some localities, <'.//., Cannes (according to Milli re), very white forms 

 predominate. 



2. Ab. incanata. Renter, Acta Sac. F.F.F., ix. No. 6, p. 72 (1893). 

 Central fascia extended across the wing. This general name may, as 

 I have already stated, be used as the equivalent of Guenee's var. A, for 

 all normal specimens of this description ; it includes the vars. f3 and 



