MOtEs OlSf Lir'E-HlSTOKlES, LARVAE, EtC. 



^11 



Thorax. — The prothorax is broader than the head, with two rod- 

 dish-brown warty (apparently corneous) projections behind the two 

 horned structures of the head, which are brought up close to the 

 latter when the head is retracted, but seem to be at some distance 

 from it when the larva is stretching. There appear to be five ill-de- 

 fined subsegments ; a medio-dorsal furrow on the 1st subsegment is 

 not continued backwards. The prothoracic spiracle is very distinct, 

 and under a one-sixth lens looks like a deeply excavated flesh-coloured 

 basin, with a shiny black rim. The skin is well sprinkled with black 

 rounded warts, and rather larger but similarly rounded white warts, 

 following the subsegments transversely. Certain black warts appear 

 to be provided with tiny black bristles, but I could not satisfy myself 

 that these were analogous with the ordinary tubercles. A collection 

 of whitish warts below, and another in front of the spiracle, suggest 

 the sub- and pre-spiracular tubercles respectively. The mi'sutliorax 

 is about as wide as the prothorax, apparently with six subsegments, 

 but these are difficult to make out, owing to the skin being so wrinkled. 

 The mctatJiorax almost as wide as the two preceding segments, appar- 

 ently also with 6 subsegments, and the skin also very much wrinkled. 

 The triu- lei/s have the hooks bent forward. The legs are pale brown in 

 colour, with whitish joints ; pale brown but strong hooks, with which 

 it climbs rapidly up the abundant, thick, fiossy silk that it spins. 



Abdomen. — The 1st abdominal segment is narrower (transversely) 

 than the thoracic segments, but about the same length (from front to 

 back), and the skin is scarcely as wrinkled. The 2nd abdominal is much 

 longer (from front to back) and less wrinkled, whilst the Brd abdo- 

 minal increases slightly in width. The 4th abdominal is still wider, 

 and has a small lateral projecting wart on each side, whilst the 5th 

 abdominal is the largest of all the segments, and has a large projecting 

 wart on each side. This segment (5th) is the most modified of all, 

 because it is the one nearest to the branch on which the larva rests, but 

 with which it does not actually lay hold. The 6th abdominal carries 

 large lloshy prolegs, but is narrower, both dorsally and laterally, than 

 the 5th. The 7th is more nearly of the width of the 6th, but it bears 

 no prolegs. The 8th abdominal is provided with two small lateral 

 tubercles, joined by a transverse ridge across the dorsum of the seg- 

 ment. The 9th and 10th segments are hardly distinguishable from 

 each other ; the former appears to carry the two large well-developed 

 anal prolegs, between which is a highly specialised and well-developed 

 anal flap. The anal prolegs form a well-developed arch, and exhibit 

 tremendous clinging power. 



Abdominal markini/s. — On the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th 

 and 8th abdominal segments are lateral oblique ridges, commencing 

 in a wart on the anterior subsegment in the subdorsal area of each 

 segment, and continued downwards and backwards to the posterior 

 subsegment, ending in a tumid latero-ventral flange, which is broken 

 at the segmental incisions. The warts on the 4th and 5th abdominal 

 segments are large and prominent, especially those on the latter, 

 where their rather paler reddish -grey colour makes them bear a close 

 resemblance to the excrescences on an oak twig. On the 1st sub-seg- 

 ment of each segment is a pair of small whitish dorsal dots, repre- 

 senting, apparently, the anterior trapezoidals. The subdorsal warts 

 appear to represent the posterior trapezoidals. The position of the 



