THE ANTENNiE OF LEPIDOPTERA. 265 



there is much development in the direction of the formation of 

 ridges, which give the whole an appearance of being covered with fine 

 points. In Papilionids (PI. II., fig. 9) and many other lepidoptera 

 the plates are smaller, more uniform, and form a regular imbricated 

 surface. Bodine then adds : — " As might be expected, the extent to 

 which these surface-modifications of the structure of the chitin is 

 carried, depends largely upon the development of scales. Where the 

 antenna is heavily clothed, we find usually less departure from the 

 primitive form of surface, especially if the scales are closely and 

 compactly arranged. In most cases, the surface of the scape and 

 pedicel is practically smooth. This is doubtless in consequence of the 

 covering of thick tufts of long slender scales, and also because the 

 abundant scales of the vertex of the head afford it sufficient protection." 

 To those who wish to follow the application of antennal structure 

 to the classification of Lepidoptera, we can confidently recommend a 

 perusal of Dr. Bodine's excellent paper. It will show our younger 

 entouiological students what is being done on the other side of the 

 water, and will serve as a splendid guide as to the course of study, 

 which may usefully be pursued with any special organ of a lepi- 

 dopterous insect. 



:]^OTES ON LIFE-HISTORIES, LARY^, &c. 



DouBLE-BROODEDXEss OF Acidalia subsericeata. — In the Ent. 

 Record, ante, p. 192, there is a note from Mr. Tutt with regard to Acidalia 

 subsericeata, in which he expresses surprise (even in the past hot 

 season) that there should have been two emergences in one year. 

 This is the rule, and not the exception, in confinement, as it is also 

 with Acidalia trit/eminata, as the following dates in my own experience 

 will show : — (1). A. .mbsericeata. — 1884 : — Ova obtained .June 21st, 

 2nd brood bred August 9th; 1885: — Ova obtained July 10th, 2nd 

 brood bred end of August ; 1887 : — Ova obtained June 27th, 2nd brood 

 bred August 17th to 28th. On one occasion I bred a third brood, 

 but unfortunately omitted to record it. I think the form vicmcimiata 

 is the second brood. (2). Acidalia trif/cminata. -1894: — Ova obtained 

 July 7th, 2nd brood bred September 16th ; 1896 : — Ova obtained 

 June 13th, 2nd brood bred August 15th to 22nd. — C. Fenn, F.E.S., 

 Eversden House, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee. October lOtJi, 1896. 



Newly-hatched larva of Hipparchia semele. — The empty egg- 

 shell appears to have been partly eaten, one-fourth or more of it 

 remaining. This is of a pearly white colour, and the ribbing is very 

 distinct. 



The young larva is, in some ways, highly specialised, and wriggles 

 about very much when disturbed. It has two large well-developed anal 

 points. The skin is of a dirty whitish colour. A brownish dorsal line 

 runs down the length of the body ; a similar sub-dorsal brownish line on 

 each side includes the posterior trapezoidals ; another brownish supra- 

 spiracular line on each side includes the supra-spiracular tubercles. 

 The surface of the body is, therefore, made up of alternate longitudinal 

 stripes of pale and darker colour, there being two dark longitudinal 

 lines on each side of the dark median line. The skin is covered with 

 minute shiny points, bearing fine glassy-looking bristles. The head is 

 much larger than the thoracic segments. It is of a pale orange 



