SOCIETIES, 317 



the (juercm which did not emerge were found to be all males, and were 

 apparently unable to escape from the pupae ; the cnUunae which did 

 not emerge were found not to have pupated at all, the larvie having 

 dried up in the cocoon. The cocoons of both broods were exactly 

 similar in colour, but in each brood they varied from dark brownish- 

 black to greyish ; none were yellow. Mr. Nicholson did not notice 

 any difference between the larvEe of the two broods in any stage ; 

 there was certainly no marked difference, and the ova were similar. 

 Commenting on the material exhibited, Mr. Nicholson said that there 

 did not seem to be a single character in the imago sufficiently con- 

 stant, as far as he could see, to infallibly differentiate qncn-iis from 

 callwiae, or calhmae from spartU, although, generally speaking, the 

 two latter seemed, on the whole, darker than quercus, and more 

 closely allied to each other than to it. It seemed to him that the 

 three so-called species were, in all probability, simply local or racial 

 varieties of one species, and Mr. Tutt's remarks would appear to con- 

 firm or, at any rate, strengthen this view. Mr. Prout stated that he 

 had found a female raUunac (?) drying its wings on a plant of heather 

 {(\dluna), at the end of July, 1894, near Lyndhurst. Mr. Home (of 

 Aberdeen) sent for exhibition a representative series of Aberdeenshire 

 callwiae, consisting of eight males and ten females. Two of the males 

 were of a dark buff" colour, with the usual markings rather darker 

 buff". These were justly admired. Mr. Bayne asked if anyone 

 knew whether there was any form corresponding to caUunae found 

 in mountainous localities on the Continent. Mr. Warburg said 

 he thought Milliere would have described it, if such a form 

 existed. Mr. Tutt, however, stated most distinctly that B. calhmae 

 occurred in the mountainous districts of Southern Europe. He 

 said that he captured a larva in August, 1894, on Mont de 

 la Saxe (above Courmayeur), that it spun in due course the 

 following month, and produced a fine typical female calhmae the 

 following summer. Mr. Bacot exhibited specimens, and read the 

 following notes : — " 2 <? s. Pupae received from Aberdeen Nov. 1894, 

 emerged June, 1895, as typical calhmae. 2 $ s. Larvae taken on 

 Exmoor, Aug., 1890, hybernated as pupte and emerged May, 1891, 

 one a cripple, the other a pale callunae form. 1 $ . Taken on Lundy 

 Isle, Devon, Aug., 1887 (typical querciln). 1 5 . Larva taken at 

 Folkestone, Aug., 1891, hybernated as pupa and emerged the following 

 year, in 1892 (? June), as typical querent. 1^. Taken at Lyme, 

 Dorset, July, 1893 = typical ca//»/tae upper side, tends rather to quercus 

 coloration underneath. 1 ^ . Larva received from St. Anne's-on-Sea 

 in May, 1892 ; emerged same year, and resembles the last. 1 <? , 2 $ s. 

 Larvae taken in Essex, May, 1894, emerged July, 1894, as typical 

 quercus. The basal patch is probably a remnant of the inner or basal 

 band, B. trifnlii, representing a transition form between callunae and 

 B. ruhi. It (the basal patch) appears to be present in nearly the 

 whole of the callunae exhibited, and is absent in all the quercus, save 

 one specimen, exhibited by Mr. Prout, from Southend, and others from 

 St. Anne's-on-Sea ; none of Mr. Warburg's South of France quercus 

 and spartii showing the slightest trace of this marking." Mr. 

 Garland exhibited two female Bmuhiix qiiereus, bred from pup;^ found 

 at Eastbourne, the lower specimen being nearly colourless in the hind- 



