104 THE entomologist's UECOP.D, 



Darenth Wood. ^Yood {lud. Knt., iv., fig. 6) figures the yellow form 

 under the name hijipnrirjiidis, and gives the species as occurring in 

 Middlesex, Surrey and near Coombe. 



Writing of the early form oiZi/f/aena trifulii, which appears "from 

 the second week of May until the second week in June," T. H. Briggs 

 says : — " I have nearly always found this insect in company with Z. 

 /ili/H'Utliilae" {Travs. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1871, pp. 422-423). He 

 further states: — " On June 16th, 1864, I found X. trijhlii in abund- 

 ance in some rough dry fields, abounding in Lotus rDrnindatHs, 

 bordering on Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire ; the insects were 

 very much worn, of a very small form, in fact, types of the ' early ' 

 trifnln. Z. jilijH'udulac, which also occurs there, was just coming out." 

 Again he writes : — " On June 16th (1871), at Folkestone, Z.fdipcn- 

 dxdae larvffi swarmed in the warren, but no moths could I find. On 

 Castle Hill, the moths were out, but they were very small, and with 

 a tendeirey to the obliteration of the sixth spot ; antennae shorter than 

 usual ; one specimen, a J , is of the size, contour, and has the broad 

 black border to the hind-wings, of the early trlfnUi found at Folkestone, 

 which was out. Surely these were hybrids ? " {Ibid., p. 429). 



In 1874, Richardson records that " in a field sheltered by woods, 

 and in a low situation, about four miles from Winchester, he took, on 

 June 9th, two specimens of Z. jdipcndidae .... in company with 

 Z. trijalii.'' At this time, he adds, '■^ Z. JiUpeiuhdac (which is common 

 on many of the downs in the neighbourhood of Winchester) had not 

 there even assumed the pupa state, nor did it begin to do so for some 

 time after this date. The first imago I saw on the downs was on 

 July 10th, just a month after the appearance in June " {Kntom., viii., 

 p. 21). In 1882, Briggs records the fact that Weston had a splendid 

 series of Z. jUipendulae, in which the sixth spot is only faintly trace- 

 able, from Tilgate Forest, many of them bred, and that he had taken 

 a similar variety at Folkestone. The Folkestone specimens, however, 

 " not only appear early in June, before the majority of Z. fdipvndidae 

 are out of the larval state, but are smaller and have the border of the 

 hind-wings broader than the Tilgate specimens, especially in the 

 females, and I have been somewhat inclined to regard them as hybrids 

 between Z. trifolii and Z. fdipendulai'. It was a curious circumstance 

 that Weston's specimens were from a part of the Forest where for 

 several years I had taken the large marsh form of Z. trifolii, but had 

 never seen Z. jdipendnUw in any of its stages" {K.M.M., xix., p. 48). 

 In 1885, Boden writes that he has taken, in the metropolitan district, 

 for several years, a Zijt/acna, for which he could never find a name. 

 It differed from ty\)[cii\ Jilipi^jididai' in "that the spot near the centre 

 of the costa, and the one nearest the tip, are much smaller than in the 

 type; also the green nervure cuts through the spot nearest the tip; 

 and, what is more striking, it has a broader border on the under-wing. 

 The time of appearance is much earlier than that of Z. jdijieiuhdac, 

 as I generally take it in May " {Entow., xviii., p. 317). In 1890, 

 Robertson writes that, in early June, in the neighbourhood of Swan.sea, 

 he " came across Zi/i/aenn tiifoiii and Z . filipendulac in the same field, 

 which was a boggy sort of place. All were more or less worn or 

 faded, though, oddly enough, the males of Z. trifolii were in 

 moderately good condition, while the females generally were passee " 

 [Ent. Uecord, i., p. 205). Weir, m his presidential address to the 



