108 THE entomologist's RECOliD, 



In the TeiiJnmia controversy of 1886 {K)it(»ii.), Mr. Smalhvood 

 considers the double-brooded T. bistortata to be an exchasively southern 

 insect, and I agree with him, as I have utterly failed to obtain any 

 reliable evidence of this species occurring in the north of England, '••' 

 the Midlands, Ireland, Scotland,'-' or North Wales. Mr. Tutt, 

 speaking of the date, May 2nd, as given by Mr. Harrison for 

 T. crrjnificidaria [binndularia) in Yorkshire, says, " he has information 

 that the insect occurs there generally some three or four weeks later, 

 and that only in early seasons is it found at such an early date." 

 That T. crepuscularia occurs later than May 2nd, in Yorkshire, is 

 quite correct, but that it also occurs very much earlier, no matter what 

 sort of season, is also correct, viz., Doncaster, middle of April, 1893 

 (Corbett) ; Rotherham, "end of March " (Young) ; SkipAvith, " April 

 29th and 80tb, 1895" (Ash); Barnsley and Doncaster, "May 2nd 

 and 9th " (Harrison) ; York, " April 4th and 10th " (Hewett).<>« Mr. 

 Tutt, further commenting on Mr. Harrison's specimens, says: — "I 

 am not surprised that a second brood does not occur in the IBarnsley 

 district, as the species obtained there is T. crejiuxcularia (hiundidaria), 

 the single-brooded species," and states further : — " There seems 

 little doubt there is only one species obtainable there." I am quite 

 agreed Avith Mr. Tutt that only one species {crepusndaria) occurs in 

 the Barnsley and Doncaster districts, and, further, I am quite con- 

 vinced that only this species occurs in Yorkshire, although Mr. Tutt, 

 writing to Mr. Young about some specimens afterwards sent to him, 

 stated that there were both T. bntortata and T. crepusndaria among 

 them, and, in a letter to me, dated April 23rd, 1896, says :- — " I have 

 a specimen which Mr. Harrison sent me years ago with a lot of 

 T. crepuscularia (biundularia), which I believe to be the earlier 

 species, although we expect in closely allied species occasional parallel 

 variations, which this may well be." I add to this — undoubtedly is.f 



Mr. Smalhvood {Entom., 1886, pp. 266-268) says : — "I am con- 

 vinced that any definite difference will be found, if at all, in the ova." 

 Dr. Riding states that the eggs of the first brood of T. bistortata are 

 larger than those of T. crepuscularia. 



I must confess, on first reading Mr. South's opinion [Entom., 1886) 

 that " the first of these broods (bistortata) cannot be other than an 



* Compare Porritt, List of Yorkslnre Lepidoptera, p. 35, and Ent. Eec, viii., 

 p. 286; ix., pp. 28-29.— Ed. 



* * We do not quite see how these occasional early occurrences affect the 

 general statement. From Mr. Hewett's own Yorkshire notes we take the following 

 facts: — " I have visited Edhngton in March and April, but have never seen a 

 Tephrosia. My first dates are :— 1871, May 19th ; 1873, June 12th ; 1874, 

 May 10th ; 1875, May 9th ; 1876, June 6th (up to June 24th) ; 1877, May 22nd ; 

 1880, May 2nd (plentiful on June 5th) ; 1881, May 23rd ; 1884, June 6th; 1887, 

 June 7th (plentiful on 17tli) ; 1888, May 26th (plentiful on June 13th and 25th) ; 

 1890, May 2Gth to June 5th ; 1891, June 12th ; 1892, June 6th; 1893, May 9th- 

 12th; 1894, June 18th ; 1895, May 24th."— J. Harrison, SejJt. Uth, 1896. Then 

 we read : — " I have taken T. hiuiidiilaria as early as March 2nd, and as late as 



July 29th but my observations lead me to believe there is only one brood 



in this (Edlington) district It is at its best from about the middle of May 



to about the first ten days in June." — J. N. Young, Sept. 18th, 1896. Again we 

 find : — " I generally get T. hiiinclularia about the middleof May." — H. H. Corbett, 

 Sept. 28t}i, 1896. Surely this information bears out our statement. — Ed. 



t As Mr. Hewett had never seen the specimen, which has been repeatedly 

 exhibited, this positive remark must be considered simply as a pious opinion, 

 based on entire ignorance of the specimen. — Ed. 



