116 THK entomologtst's rkcord. 



[I\ntniii()l()(iisf, vol. XXV., No, 350] , but especially in the London 

 district, being recorded from such present brick-and-plaster localities 

 as Battersea Fields, Lewisham and Hackney. I have never met 

 with the species, eagerly as I have sought for it in many localities, 

 but that it is still to be found, the Rev. Theodore Wood, writing in 

 1S84, points out, when he says he once took ten or fifteen examples 

 from a single willow stump barely a foot high \_(hir Inwct Allicft, 

 p. 204] . 



Rliat/iuin inquisitor overthrows the old theory that no beetle ever 

 afiects both Cuni ferae and deciduous trees, by occurring on beech, 

 ash, elm and oak, as well as on various species of Pinm. It is 

 among the counnonest of our Lowiieornia, and may sometimes be 

 discovered in mid-winter, just emerged from the pupte, in its cocoons 

 in beech stumps, and at the base of various trees, and is still abuu; 

 dant in Epping Forest, where I have turned it up in November in 

 some numbers. In the spring it is often found upon the blossoms of 

 the whitethorn, crab-apple, etc., from which it sucks up the SAveet- 

 ness by means of its hairy ligula, and subsequently lays its eggs 

 beneath the bark of its pabulum. 



Our large importation of timber from the Continent, North 

 America, and tropical regions, has caused a great many species of 

 Lonniniriiia to occur in England, which could never have been, nor can 

 be, acclimatised to the British Isles. The larvre of this group, by usually 

 passing several years in that state, and remaining the whole period in 

 the interior of often the largest trees, offer themselves especial objects 

 of export. In this manner there was in the old days much doubt 

 among the jjritish Lonijifornia as to which were and which were not 

 indigenous to this country, and this uncertainty, in some cases, such 

 as that of our largest species, Ccrconhi/.r hcros, is not yet removed. In 

 Stephen's Mtonial, published in 1839, no less than twenty-eight species 

 are doubtfully recorded as British from the above cause. 



My friend, Mr. Ernest Elliott, to whom I am indebted for some 

 of the most interesting of the above facts, drawn chiefly from his own 

 observations in Germany, further informs me that the pupa of 

 BliaiiiiDii is usually found with its back to the surface of the tree or 

 stump. 



:i:^OTES ON LIFE-HISTORIES, LARY^, &c. 



Hybernating stage of Argynnis aglaia. — The following scrap of 

 information is valuable from the fact that A. adippc hybernates as a 

 fully-formed larva inside the eggshell, whilst A. cnihtia hybernates in 

 precisely the same stage oiitside the eggshell. Eggs of A. ai/Iaia, received 

 from ]\Ir. Wolfe, hatched about Aug. 13th, 1890, whilst I was on the 

 Continent. They were supposed to be dead when I looked at them 

 through the glass tube, on Aug. 20th. They were turned out on Sept. 

 16th, and found to be alive, and remained alive till late in November. 

 Evidently the larva hybernates without feeding at all. Empty egg- 

 shell AND newly-hatched LARVA. — The empty e;i<isJieU is pearly white, 

 only eaten away around the apex. The head of the newly-emerged 

 larva is shiny black, with long white hairs. Skin of body, pale 

 yellowish. The iJro-f/^o/A.r with four central tubercles coalesced into 

 a dorsal plate, bearing long brown hairs. A pale medio-dorsal line 



