NOTES OH THE COCOON AND PUPA OF SATURNIA PYRI. 145 



but a second cocoon given to me by Mr. Tutt was attached to a piece of 

 crumpled paper. This cocoon was 2^ inches long, and of a deep 

 brown colour, very similar in shape and construction to that of 

 SatKrnia pavonia, except that it is longer, narrower, and has not so 

 pronounced a neck as the latter. It is composed of very hard and 

 tough silk, which cuts like thin horn. The outer surface is rough, 

 covered with a thin coating of stout, wiry silk threads. The interior 

 has a smooth glazed surface, two separate coats of the viscous silk 

 having apparently been used in its construction. This can be best 

 seen by opening the cocoon lengthwise. The opening, like that of 

 S. panmia, is constructed on a similar principle to that of a crab 

 or lobster foot, with the exception that it prevents ingress and 

 not egress. In the cocoon of S. pi/ri this trap is double, a dis- 

 tance of about i of an inch separating the outer from the inner. 

 The cocoon of S. paconia also has remnants of an outer trap, 

 but it is imperfect, being little more than an opening with ragged 

 edges, while the inner is even more perfect than that of S. pi/ri. 

 The PUPA is that of a <? ; it is a shade less than 1^ in. in length, 

 and about | in. in width, across the 4th abdominal segment, just at 

 the end of the wing cases. Colour. — The 4th to the 8th abdominal 

 segments, also the wing-, antenna- and leg-cases, and ventral surface 

 of the head, are deep red. The thorax, dorsal head-piece and dorsal 

 portion of all the segments to the 3rd and upper portion of 4th abdo- 

 minal segments, are deep brown — almost black; the thorax, and two 

 small plates on either side, being rather lighter (redder) than the other 

 parts. The antenna-cases are very wide and large, showing the line 

 of the central shaft and lateral pectinations clearly. The .ytiradcs are 

 large and very dark. The abdominal sct/wentfi, 5, 6, 7 and 8, are well 

 marked (incisions deep), but compressed ventrally. The surface is 

 rough, and has a dead appearance (no polish), the incisions having a 

 slight bloom on them. Traces of the sexual on/ans can be easily seen, 

 but, on account of the compressions of the anal segments ventrally, it 

 would be difficult to say of which sex the pupa is, without the antenna 

 as a guide. The ventral surface of the 10th abdominal is very rough, 

 and, at its extremity, slightly hollowed on the dorsal surface. It is 

 slightly extended, forming a low double creiiiaster with a few short 

 scythe-shaped spines on it. In this last feature it resembles the pupa 

 of S. pavonia, except that, in the latter, the ventral hollow and cre- 

 master are developed to a far greater extent. It, however, differs 

 greatly in shape from the pupa of S. paconia, which is much flattened 

 out laterally, curved ventrally, and tapers rapidly towards the head 

 and anus. The pupa of 8. pyri is, in shape, almost, if not quite, cylin- 

 drical, tapers only very slightly to the shoulders (base of wings), and 

 then abruptly to head, forming a blunt front. It tapers more evenly 

 towards anus, which is rather blunt, and does not curve up ventrally 

 as the pupa of S. pavonia does, though the segments are somewhat 

 compressed ventrally. The pupa of S. pyri is not unlike that of 

 Smerinthus tiliae in shape, only rather wider in regard to its length, 

 and, of course, differing at head and anus. In general shape and 

 appearance, omitting the antenna-cases, it tends rather towards the 

 Smerinthid than the Saturniid shape, as typified by S. pavonia. Some 

 pupa-cases of a large South African Saturniid moth, that I have 

 received, are very similar in shape to the pupa of *S', pyri, with the 



