250 THE entomologist's record. 



species would be forthcoming. Since Dr. Chapman's return he has 

 kindly handed me the insects captured, and I have carefully compared 

 the results with Milliere's Catalmiue lUdsonnedes LejiidDptcresduDcparte- 

 ment des Alpes-Marititiics, published in 1872, to which I have made 

 many references in the following notes. I would ask my readers to 

 carefully study the remarks that follow in conjunction with the paper, 

 "The hybernating stages of British Butterflies" {Kiit. Her., viii., 

 pp. 97-102). 



In February, Dr. Chapman took or observed the following species : — 

 Lawpides boetica, Pieris rapue, Anthocaru belia, Pi/rameis cardui, P. 

 atalanta, Aglaisurticae, Eiivaucssa antiapa, Kwinnia polychloro!^, Paranir 

 e(jeria and P. metjaera. 



Laiiipidt's boetica. — Chapman caught one worn specimen in February. 

 Warburg gets an odd one very early most years ; rarely, however, 

 more than one. Riihl mentions a capture at Cannes, in " December." 

 Milliere says, in his Cataloj/iw des Leji., th&t L. boetica " occurs only in 

 August and September." Newman, in his Brit. Bntts., p. 118, makes 

 the species hybernate as an egg, and in his circumstaiatial account 

 suggests that this information is derived from Milliere. Believing 

 that Milliere was really responsible for the statement, I have accepted 

 it in my paper, Ent. Pwc, viii., p. 99. I have a suspicion that this, 

 like so many others of Newman's accounts, may have been entirely 

 due to his imagination, and this suspicion is strengthened by 

 Newman's further statement: — "The last disclosed females of this 

 species lay their eggs on the twigs of the bladder senna [Colutea 

 arborescens), but, like those of several, and perhaps all, the British 

 species of this family, they do not hatch until the following summer." 

 This is, of course, utterly absurd, for Lycaena avion, Cupido minima, 

 Poli/onimatm astrairlte, P. hellanfus, P. con/don and P. ieani.'< hybernate 

 in the larval stage, whilst Ci/aniris aniiolns (and, according to Riihl, 

 Xoiiiiades senuanpis) hybernate in the pupal stage, Plebeins aei/on being 

 the only British "blue" positively known to hybernate in the egg 

 state. I am becoming distinctly inclined to believe that Lninpides 

 boetica hybernates, if it really exist in Europe in the winter in any 

 niraibers at all, in the imago state. Milliere's statements that " the 

 larva lives in June and July in the siliquas of Colutea arborescens," 

 and "the imago occurs only in August and September," suggest very 

 strongly that the main brood is an autumnal one, and the further 

 records of this species, such as "August" for Rome and Nantes, 

 " September " for Pisa and Lombardy, " October " for the Campagna, 

 Nizza, etc., support this opinion, and the capture of the imago in a 

 worn condition, in December, January and February, at Cannes, 

 suggests strongly the imago as the hybernating stage. But there is 

 direct evidence, besides the fact that the species has been caught at 

 Cannes in the winter months, to show that Milliere is wrong in the state- 

 ment that the species " occurs only in August and September," for Riihl 

 (Die PalaearktiKchen CTrossselimetterUni/e, p. 225) gives the "middle of 

 June" for Spain and the Greek Island, Naxos, "end of June" for 

 Catania, the "middle of July" for the French Pyrenees, Algiers and 

 Gibraltar, all suggesting a summer emergence, whilst the statement of 

 the same author, that, " near Bilbao, in Asturias, the specimens of the 

 first brood are very large, whilst those of the second generation are 

 smaller and darker coloured," leaves no doubt upon this point. Whether 



