252 THE kntomot.ogist's rkcord. 



same places (apparently, and probably really) all the winter, the imagines 

 not emerging or ovipositing as far as one could judge, but hybernating, 

 without hiding away, except on dull and cold days." 



FAujonia pobjcldoios. — This species, Milliere says, "appears in 

 March, and a second generation occurs in June," thus suggesting a 

 March emergence, yet he says : — " Often, in winter, one sees specimens 

 of this species flying in the sunshine, but these have passed the bad 

 weather hidden in the hollow of a tree or in the fissure of a rock." 

 So, I think, have the March specimens. Certainly those I saw in 

 April, at Digne, had done so. Baker gives E. imh/cJiloios as 

 " abundant during the whole of February around Lambessa," in 

 Algeria, in 1885, whilst, in May, he found the newly emerged 

 specimens in the form of var. satnrata, at Guelma. The hybernators 

 are sometimes on the wing in England, in late March and early 

 April, but we get no freshly emerged specimens until July. A few 

 individuals of this emergence, however, instead of going into 

 hybernation, pair, and, I suspect, lay their eggs and die, the larvse 

 being killed off by frost. I know of no record of a brood occurring 

 in South Europe and North Africa, in August and September, but 

 the emergence of the imagines in June (Cannes) and May (Algeria) 

 suggests that a partial second brood might be successful in these 

 districts, and that the occasional attempt of some specimens to produce 

 one in Britain denotes the remnant of an old double-brooded habit in 

 the species. 



Euvancssa antiopa. — Of this hybernating species Milliere writes : 

 " Parait au premier printemps, en juillet et en septembre. Les sujets 

 qu'on voit voler des le milieu de mars, ont passe I'hiver," I very 

 much doubt E. antiopa having two separate summer broods, although 

 it is quite possible. Frey remarks that it is, in Switzerland, a single 

 summer-brooded species " with partial hybernation." What does he 

 mean by "partial hybernation?" I have already (7v»L Rec.,\\\\., 

 p. 202) discussed Scudder's remarks on the wintering of this species. 



Paranje ci/eria. — The specimens, of course, are of the southern 

 form. Milliere says : " The larvae are common in April and 

 September," suggesting a summer and autumn brood. The April 

 larviB are evidently the progeny of the February and March imagines, 

 which Milliere seems to have missed. The first brood was even over at 

 Digne (2,000 feet elevation), before the middle of April (1897). The 

 species is possibly continuously brooded in the Riviera all the year, 

 Blackmore says that, in 1868, the southern form was " common in 

 Morocco (Tangier) " throughout his stay " in February, March and 

 April" (7'>'.3/.J/., v., p. 299). It certainly is abundant in February 

 and March, again in May and June, again in August, and yet again in 

 October, in southern France. It tries three broods in England 

 in very fine seasons (<-.//., 1893). 



ParariH' meijaera. — We get only two broods of this species in 

 Britain, but they are exceedingly regular in their appearance, viz., 

 May and August. Milliere gives three broods for the Alpes-Mari times — 

 April, June and October. Chapman's February specimens suggest a 

 fourth brood, but it is possible that the progeny of the October females 

 feed slowly up, and come to maturity irregularly through the winter 

 from December to March, for Chapman informs me that " P. )ne;/aira 

 was seen all the winter, in November and December, as well as 



