COLliffiCtfON OF SPRING RHOPALOCERA. 253 



February." It has been shown by Merrifield, Williams, Carpenter 

 and others that P. i'(jcria can pass the winter in Britain, either as 

 " pupa " or " larva," and it is possible that, in the south of France, 

 this double hybernating stage may also be possible in this species. 



The following species were taken by Dr. Chapman in March : — 

 SjdlotJujnin alceac, Si/richthm malvae, S. sao, S. alveus, Thanaos tages, 

 Cyaniris argioliis, Polyovimatus baton, P. icanis, P. bcllaiyus, Nomiades 

 cyllarus, N. Dichmopa, Everen an/iades, Clirysophanm jMaeas, Calluphrys 

 rubi, Papilio iwdalirius, P. vuichaon, TIicuh pnlyxena var. cassaudra, 

 T. medesicaste, Pieris rapae, P. napi, P. daplidice, Eiichloe eupJieuoides, 

 E. cardamines, Lcucnphasia sinapis, Goneptery.v rhavmi, (i. deopatra, 

 Colias edusa, C. Jiycdc, Polyyonia cyea, P. c-albnin, Aripjunis lat/ionia, 

 Brentlds dia, Mditaca cin.via, Coenonympha pampliihis, Ercbia rpistyitne. 



Thanaos tayes. — The hybernating stage of this species is well known, 

 r/c, the larval. Riihl's records (pp. 681-682) suggest that it is pretty 

 generally double-brooded on the Continent. He notes of T. tayes : 

 " Haute-Garonne. 2-3 Generationen, Mai-September." 



Spilothyrus alceae. — Milliere writes of this species as inalcac, Fab. 

 = alceae, Esp. — altheae, Hb., and gives it as appearing in May, 

 June and July. I have taken it at Bourg d'Oisans in August (1896), 

 and at Aosta also in August (1894), so that Chapman's capture, 

 combined with the fact that I also took it at Digne in the middle of April 

 this year, makes it undoubtedly double-brooded. Frey gives -S'. alceae 

 (malcarum) as being double-brooded in Switzerland, appearing in 

 May and August. Blackmore says that he took a few examples of 

 iS'. tiialvarwii, 111., var. austialis, Zell., early in February, 1868, in the 

 village of Marshen, near Tangier. Riihl (p. 654) writes :—" Die 

 Raupe der 2 Generation iiberwintert in einem gespinnst, welches in 

 dem umgeschlagenen Rande eines Blattes angelegt ist und verpuppt 

 sich, ohne wieder zu fressen, im April ; von anderer Seite wird 

 angegeben, dass die Raupe auch in hohlen Kletten- oder Distelstengeln 

 iiberwintere." 



Syrichtkm sao. — This was only just coming out at Cannes during 

 the first week of April, and did not appear until the last week of April 

 at Digne. Milliere says : " Vole en nombre sur lespelouses les mieux 

 exposees, en mai, juin et septembre." 



S. malvae.— I refer several of Dr. Chapman's specimens to this 

 species, although Milliere does not give it as occurring in the Alpes- 

 Maritimes. It is well known that S. nicdrae hybernates in the pupal 

 stage. Riihl's records suggest that it is pretty generally double- 

 brooded in southern and central Europe. 



Cyaniris aryiolus, P. icanis, P. bellaryics. — ^The hybernating stages 

 of C. aryiolus (pupa) of P. icanis (larva) and P. bellaryus (larva) are 

 well known. 



Nomiades welanops. — Milliere says that xY. melanops ^'Yxwqs in the 

 larval state in a lethargic condition for ten months." This is very 

 similar to the habit of ('»y'(Wo »(^7^^»/a. But he also says of it: "II 

 eclot en mai et vole dans les lieux o\x croit le Dorycnium decumbens. 

 C'est sur cette plante que vit la chenille en juin." Certainly, it was 

 well out around Cannes before the end of March, and by the middle 

 of April was quite worn at Digne. This species also occurs in Algeria 

 in March. 



Of X. cyllanis, Milliere says : *' On le rencontre en mai et juin dans 



