254 THE entomologist's record. 



les bois clair-semes." These months are much too late, as March 

 and April are evidently the months for this species, even at Digne, 

 at 2,000 ft. elevation. 



Pohjomwatus hatou. — This species occurs very early in March, and 

 Milliere discusses it under the name of Jnjlas, Hb., a name, I observe, 

 that Oberthiir maintains. He says : " Le type nous manque, mais 

 la var. panoptes vole communement en avril sur les terrains rocheux 

 h, base calcaire ou croit le thym." Kane says that var. panoptes, Hb. , 

 *' is darker than the type, and the rusty band of underside absent." 

 Some of the specimens taken at Cannes exhibit a very well-developed 

 orange marginal band, which appears to be Kane's " rusty band," 

 and if this be really the only point of distinction, certainly the type 

 occurs at Cannes. Of its mode of life Riihl (p. 756) writes of the 

 larva : " Lebt von Ende April bis Ende Mai an Thymus serpyllum 

 und vHlfjaris und nahrt sich besonders von den Bliithen dieser 

 Pflanzen. In der Gefangenschaft fressen die Raupen einander und 

 die Puppen an. Verpuppung zwischen Pflanzeniiberresten am Boden. 

 Puppe kurz und rundlich, vorn und hinten verschnnilert, glatt, 

 lehmgelb, an den Flugelscheiden griinlich angehaucht. Entwicklung 

 theils noch Ende des Sommers, theils erst im Miirz oder April des 

 niichsten Jahres." 



Everes a)yiadcs. —Chapman found both sexes of this species, quite 

 worn, at Cannes, in March ; he also took a very fine specimen at 

 Digne, towards the end of April. I have taken it at Aix-les-Bains, 

 very worn, in late August. Milliere does not mention it as occurring 

 in the Alpes-Maritimes. There seems to be a general consensus of 

 opinion that it winters as a larva, except that Riihl says that " bei 

 Permskoe-Miileki (Amurgebiet)," it occurs in April. " nach der Ueber- 

 winterung." The same author mentions the first brood, which is known 

 as ab. pohjsperchon, as occurring in Elsass, Zurich, etc., in April 

 and May. 



Chrysophanm phlaeaa. — The hybernating stage of this is well 

 known. Even in England the larva feeds a little, except in the 

 hardest weather. In the Alpes-Maritimes, Milliere says: "Vole 

 presque toute I'annee et partout." Baker says it was common at 

 Lambessa in February, 1885, whilst the summer form, eleus, occurred 

 at Guelma in June. 



CallophryH rubi. — It is well known that this species hybernates 

 as a pupa. It comes out very early in southern France. Milliere 

 says : " Cette espece se montre des la fin de fevrier dans les bois 

 taillis autour des haies." I have never heard of second-brood 

 specimens. 



Papilio podalir'nia, P.macliami, Thais poh/xena \a,v. cassandra and T. 

 medesicaste. — These are all well-known to hybernate in the pupal 

 stage, and therefore it is more or less a matter of temperature, sufli- 

 cient for their development, which settles the earliness or lateness of 

 emergence. 



P. podaUrim. — Milliere gives the commencement of April and the 

 end of August ; late dates for both broods, as I have taken the second 

 (? third) brood at Aix-les-Bains and Chambery, by July 25th, whilst 

 at Guelma, in 1885, Baker foiind the second brood out in June, the 

 specimens being between y&v. fcisthawiiii and var. lattcri. 



P. machaon. - Of this species Milliere says, " flies in May and June 



