COLLECTION OF SPRING UHOPALOCERA. 255 



and September, almost everywhere in the lower mountains, as well 

 as in the plain." These dates may mean anything. The first brood 

 is abundant all over southern France in late March (and in middle 

 April at 3,000 ft. (mountains round Digne). The second brood was 

 out at Digne, in 1890, in June {E.M.M., xxvi., 282), and is usually 

 going over in July in many localities, and abounds up to 5,000 feet 

 in early August. Probably there are three emergences in the Riviera 

 if the species were properly observed. 



Thais iinh/xena var. rassamlra. — Of this, Milliere says, " is not rare 

 in March and April," agreeing with Chapman's observations. 



Tluiis iih'dcsicostc. — Milliere does not give the date of appearance. 

 In Tangier, Blackmore says it was common during the month of 

 March, in 1868. At Hyeres, which should be at least as early as 

 Cannes, Norris records {Ent., xxii.. p. 182) it as "first seen April 13th," 

 evidently a misleading statement as to the actual date of its first 

 appearance in the Riviera, in 1889, unless, indeed, 1889 was a very 

 baclvward season. 



Pieris napi, Pii'ris brassicat', P. daplidice, FaicIiIo? cardaiiiines, E. 

 eiiphenoides, Lencojdiaxia sinapis. — These species all hybernate, as is 

 well known, in the pupal stage, and their appearance so early in the 

 year, therefore, causes no surprise. 



Pieris daplidice. — Milliere says that this species " flies commonly 

 in the ' garigues ' and cultivated places, from the end of March almost 

 to the end of autumn." There can be no doubt, however, that the 

 broods are moderately distinct, although whether- there are two or 

 three is not clear. Norris says that, in 1889, P. daplidice was 

 " common at Bordighera from the beginning of February, and var. 

 hellidice was rare." I was under the impression that specimens of the 

 first brood were all called var. hellidice, that it was, in fact, a seasonal 

 form ; the apices of the tips of the fore-wings are distinctly pale 

 (greyer) in the spring specimens. Blackmore {E.M.M., v., p. 299) says 

 that he saw several specimens of a Pieris, which he thinks must have 

 been this species, early in February, in Tangier, in 1869, whilst 

 Baker records it as being " plentiful in February, 1885, around Lam- 

 bessa." It was getting quite passe at Digne, this year, by the middle 

 of April, and yet in June, 1890, Jones records it from the same 

 locality as occurring occasionally. This would suggest that the June 

 specimens (recorded for the Riviera, Tuscany, etc.) are a second 

 brood ; whilst the late August specimens comprise a third brood. We 

 found the latter brood exceedingly abundant about August 21st, at 

 Aosta, in 1894. 



{To be concluded). 



The Neuration of the Lepidoptera. 



By PEOFESSOK A. R. GEOTE, M.A. 



The object of this notice is to draw attention to the fact that the 

 methods employed hitherto in the published drawings of the wings of 

 the Lepidoptera are inefficient, and to recommend the employment of 

 photography as used in the Mittlieilun;/e)i ans d. Fioemer Museum. 

 Take, for instance, the publications of Mr. Meyrick. I have not found, 

 so far as I have yet checked the results, one instance where the 



