T. BISTORTATA, T. BIUNDULARIA, AND ITS VAR. DELAMERENSIS. 279 



though smaller than, that parent. The paler forms resemble mostly 

 T. biundularia and the 2nd brood of T. histortata (especially the 

 (? s). There is an approach only to the brown colour of T. histortata 

 (1st brood) in less than 8 %. 



I think with Mr. Tutt, that little stress can be laid on the 

 fertility of hybrids produced artificially from parents as closely related 

 as these two, and we have no evidence of their pairing in a state 

 of nature, though the possibility exists in other counties besides 

 Yorkshire, where the times of emergence in the same district overlap. 

 I cannot agree with Mr. Hewett, that T. biundularia is the original 

 stock. It seems to me probable that T. biundularia branched off 

 from a 'Jnd brood of T. bifitortata at some comparatively recent period, 

 and the distribution of the two insects over Continental and other 

 areas tends to confirm this opinion. 



On a collection of Spring Rhopalocera made in the Riviera, with 

 some considerations concerning the hybernating stage of certain 



butterflies. 



[Concluded from p. 255.) 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 



J'Juchloe cnphenoides. — This species illustrates excellently the influ- 

 ence of an elevation of two to three thousand feet, on a species, even 

 in the sunny south ; for although Chapman found it abundant at 

 Cannes, in March, it did not appear at Digne until towards the end 

 of April. Milliere observes that the species is not found in the plain, 

 but only flies on the lower mountains, where Biscutclla laevi<iata 

 grows, and that the species is found commonly on the heights of Val- 

 lauris, the last fortnight of April. 



Kucldoe cardaiiiiui's. — One might almost suspect that this species 

 is partly double-brooded in the south. It was in great abundance by 

 April 16th, at Digne, this year, and getting worn on the 21st. Yet 

 A. H. Jones took it rather commonly during the second and third weeks 

 of June, in 1890. Oberthiir records it from Cauterets, in July, 

 1882 (Lep. des Pi/renees, p. 14), but I do not know the elevation of 

 this place. The species lasts a long time in Britain, but there is only 

 one brood. 



Leurojdiasia sinapis. — Milliere says this "flies commonly in May 

 and in June, and has a second eclosion in August, Avhich is less 

 abundant than the first." I am inclined to suspect that these May 

 and June specimens, on the Riviera, are a second brood, since 

 Chapman found the species quite abundant in March at Cannes. In 

 1893 there was only a period of six weeks between the first and second 

 broods of this species in Britain. At Digne, in the middle of April, 

 the first brood was already worn, and this was at an elevation of 

 2,000 feet. 



Goneptery.r r/uuinii. — Of this species Milliere writes: — " Eclot 

 des le mois de mars et vole pendant ceux d'avril et mai." Now there 

 can be little doubt that this species hybernates as with us, and has a 

 summer (or autumn) brood, of which Milliere says nothing. It swarms 

 in the clover fields in southern France in July. Chapman says that the 



