280 THE entomologist's record. 



species was " rare at Cannes in March, and all that were verified by 

 capture were worn." I can confirm this as to the species at Digne in 

 April. Blackmore, in 18G9, found it " connnon in February" at 

 Tangier, whilst Baker records lihoducfra farinuaa, L. [possibly the 

 summer brood of Or. rliamni, which is known as farinom, Zell. (not 

 Linn.)] , as being " rare at Guelma, in June." I suspect these would 

 be the first appearances of the summer imagines. A. H. Jones found it 

 out in June, 1890, at Digne. At any rate, Milliere must be wrong in 

 supposing that this species emerges in March. Chapman says that, on 

 May 3rd, 1897, at Grenoble, " Cr. rhamni was abundant, but no O. 

 cleopatra seen." 



Guiuqjtenj.v cleopatra. — Although I have seen (i. cleopatra in its 

 native haunts, I would not like to say this species was distinct from 

 G. rhamni : I think it probably is. Milliere says : " This charming 

 Filiodorera llies abundantly in April and May, in all places where 

 Ehaiiinm aluternua, the only food-plant of the larva, grows." He 

 adds : " Cleopatra re-appears in July, but the second generation is less 

 abundant than the first." Is there a second generation ? Chapman 

 says : " Cleopatra is usually much fresher than rhaiinii.'' Those I 

 was able to capture at Digne certainly looked as if they might have 

 hybernated. Blackmore found it "common in February," with G. 

 rlauiinl, in Tangier, in 1869. From want of good breeding experi- 

 ments, the specific value and winter habits of this are as little known 

 as any species in Europe. A. H. Jones found it " not uncommon in 

 June," 1890, at Digne. Were these emergences of the summer brood? 



CoZtrt.s- «/».srt. - The winter habits of this species were worked out 

 somewhat elaborately [Ent. Bee, vii., p. 250). The conclusion there 

 arrived at Avas known to Milliere in 1872, for he writes : " The cater- 

 pillar, which winters, pupates in April, etc." Baker found it already 

 emerged in February, 1885, at Lambessa ; Blackmore found it at the 

 end of February, 1869, 20 miles south-west of Tangier. Chapman 

 found freshly-emerged specimens in March at Cannes, and it Avas out 

 by the middle of April this year at Digne ; and during the first week 

 of May, 1894, Jones found it fairly common at the same place. The 

 next brood occurs in May and early June, at Guelma, in 1885 (Baker) ; 

 at Digne in 1890 (A. H. Jones). This is presumably the brood that 

 migrates. BromiloAV reports (^E.M.M., xxix., p. 17) having observed a 

 single example flying on the Promenade des Anglais, Nice, on December 

 1st, 1892. Eaton (l. c, p. 43) records one on January 9th, 1893, at 

 Algiers, Avhich fleAv along as if it were laying eggs. BromiloAv records 

 another specimen at S. Maurice (north of Nice) on February 12th, 

 1893, whilst Bignell bred one in England on February 1st, 1893, 

 from an egg laid September 16th, 1892. 



C. Ill/ale. —Milliere does not say this hybernates as a larva, although 

 there can be little doubt that this is so {n'lle, Ent. liec, viii., p. 12). 

 He says : " The caterpillar lives in June and September on the 

 Coronillas." Freshly-emerged specimens were out in Cannes in 

 March, and the species Avas quite abundant before the end of April at 

 Digne. A. H. Jones also found it "extremely plentiful " there during 

 the first AA'eek of May, 1894. The second brood is Avell out in the 

 loAV-lying countries of the Mediterranean littoral at the end of June, 

 but, at 3,000 to 5,000ft. ele\'ation, the end of July and commencement 

 of August is its average time of appearance. 



