816 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S KECOUD. 



tudinally striate near the tip. In autumnaria they are rather further 

 apart and less distinctly spine-like, while in tili(jiaiiniiaiia they are 

 much Hatter, and little more than tooth-like projections of the hind 

 margin." I may add that the distinction of the first-named from the 

 other two is again evident enough. 



Dr. White adds little that is new as to the diflerentiation by wing- 

 shape or markings, etc. His measurements, based on 21 specimens, 

 give the size range from 34-41mm. (say 16-19 lines), with an average 

 working out at just 37mm. For filvjrcumnaria, his measurements, 

 based on 15 specimens, give 28-36mm. (say 13-17 lines), the $ s 

 nearly always smaller than the 3 s ; the average size works out at 

 just 32mm. As regards form, etc., he considers that addendaria has 

 more ample wings, especially in the female (sexes nearly equal in 

 size), less concave outer margin, and, consequently, less produced apex. 

 As regards markings, he mentions that tilujrcuumaria has a greater 

 tendency to suffusion, and also has often a more distinct and darker 

 marginal band to the hind-wings. 



Gregson apparently separates the two chiefly by the different 

 localities in which they occur, and the different seasons at which they 

 appear (jiliji raw nutria, August — beginning of September; addendaria, 

 October and November) ; but also appeals to the larger size of the 

 last-named, the more elongate under-wings of the ^ filiijrammaria, 

 and the great difierence in the females. Unfortunately, the dates are 

 very unreliable for different parts of the country, Dr. Buchanan 

 White and Sir T. Moncreifie giving August or the 1st of September 

 onwards for addendaria, and September to October for /ilit/rannnaria. 

 Buckler's notes {Larvae, vii., pp. 163-5), and Mr. Clark's {Ent. Her., 

 viii., pp. 2b9-90) show how the dates for the larvae may vary. My 

 OAvn Bolton //7///^rtH?»/(u-/rt this spring did not hatch till March 17th, 

 though the Lancashire larvae usually hatch in February, or even the 

 end of January ; and, as regards the lack of agreement between the 

 imaginal dates and the imaginal characters, I would point out that 

 even Mr. Gregson had to admit a difficulty. In the report of a 

 meeting of the Northern Entomological Society {ZooL, 1859, p. 6354) 

 he announces that he exhibited " a number of Cheimatobia autum- 

 naria (! ), taken by Mr. Mawson, of Cockermouth, during the last week 

 in October. This year they are like Oporahia filiiirammaria, but as 

 that species would pass away in September, at the very latest, they 

 confirm what has been advanced at these meetings before, namely, 

 that there is a good species allied to O. fiUtjranimaria.'' I trust the 

 sound logic of this argument will commend itself. I may remind 

 my readers, by the way, that Mr. Clark's series, bred from a single 

 batch of eggs, which hatched within a period of five days, emerged 

 from August 5th to November 11th. 



As regards the distribution of addendaria, little can at present be 

 stated definitely. If it be a valid species, I should refer my Schneeberg 

 specimen, and the other Continental examples refen^ed to already, to 

 this rather than to _/77?v/ra7»H/rtr/<7 ; this would give it a tolerably wide 

 range. In Great Britain, I can only definitely give Delamere, and 

 Dr. Buchanan White's Forth, Tay and Dee districts {Seot. Nat., iv., 

 p. 122). Mr. Porritt introduced autumnaria in his Yorkshire list as a 

 variety of dilutata, but he informs mo that the specimens in question 

 proved to be merely " worn or dingy jilif/ranunaria," which he used to 



