R. Gr. Stapledon and T. J. Jenkin 55 



Tfifolium jpralense from seeding is not a lasting plant. Plot experi- 

 ments have shown Welsh and English grown seed to give more lasting 

 plants than imported stocks. The secondary indigenous plant comes 

 in naturally at about the eighth year. 



Vicia Cracca. A fairly common secondary indigenous plant on poor 

 soils at high elevations, appearing rapidly on fields recently reclaimed, 

 and, in the fifth or sixth year, on fields long under the rotation. 



Lotus corniculatus. A secondary plant to come in early on land 

 recently reclaimed, and not to any extent before the third year on land 

 long under the rotation. We have once seen good results from the use 

 of commercial seed in the first year. 



(c) Species locally secondary indigenous, locally exotic or exotic^. 



Dactylis glomerata. All the evidence shows that, whereas this grass 

 is often abundant as an indigenous plant in waste places and in light 

 woods or plantations, on hedges and by roadsides, it seldom appears 

 as a secondary plant on tended grasslands in these districts^ {i.e. it 

 is usually a local exotic). The figures in the tables further show that 

 4 lbs. and less sown to the acre have given negligible results under pasture 

 conditions (see Table III and Table IV B) ; whilst under hay (or hay 

 for the greater number of years) even such small sowings have given 

 substantial results from the second to the fifth year (Table IV), in the 

 first and fourth years (Table V), in the third and fourth years (Table VIII), 

 and a field has been cited where 2 lbs. Dactylis under eight years' con- 

 tinued hay gave 8 % to the hay in the eighth year. When, however, 

 this grass is sown in large amount 6-8-14 lbs., it frequently contributes 

 substantially to the first year's hay (Table VI A), may dominate the 

 third year's crop (Table VI D) and contribute materially to the subse- 

 quent pastures (Table VI C and E). From the above it would seem 

 (a) that Dactylis glomerata cannot readily gain on the ground from a 



^ The term "locally secondary indigenous" is applied to species which are not normally 

 secondary plants on a type, but which occasionally appear in small amoimt only. "Locally 

 exotic" is applied to plants which are indigenous species in a district, e.g. in waste places, 

 hedgerows, coppices, etc., but which do not occur on well-marked natural or semi- 

 natural grasslands. "Exotic" impUes a jolant which is not indigenous on any habitat 

 in the district (although in the case of nearly all the plants thus designated in this paper 

 a member of the British Flora). 



2 On many of the fields (but by no means the majority) investigated by Carruthers (4) 

 and (5) Dactylis glomerata would seem to have been a secondary plant ; so that it probably 

 does so occur on some types of grassland; especially when meadow conditions largely 

 obtain. 



