238 Mr. J. Whitehead on Birds 



181. Anthus CERviNus (Pull.). (Grant, Ibis, 1894, 

 p. 516.) 



A specimen in full moult was obtained in Benguet. This 

 and the last two species are winter migrants to the Philippines, 

 but the next species, A. i-ufulus, is, I aoi inclined to think, 

 resident in the mountains. 



182. Anthus rui^ulus Vieill. (Grant, Ibis, 1894, p. 516.) 

 This Pipit, unlike the last three species, is not met with 



in flocks in the Philippines, but singly or in pairs on the 

 grass-covered mountainous districts of North luzon, where 

 doubtless it is resident, as in Java and other Malay islands. 

 A. rufulus has been recorded from most of the islands in the 

 archipelago. 



183. Passer MONTANUS Linn. (Sharpe, Cat. B. xii. p. 301.) 

 The Tree-Sparrow, I expect, has been introduced into the 



Philippines by the Chinese, being only at present known 

 from the towns of Manila and Cebu, but doubtless its range 

 will be rapidly extended. In the suburbs of Manila, when 

 I first arrived, I only noticed some three pairs round about 

 the Club-house, but before I left, three years later, it would 

 not have been difficult to count over fifty Sparrows any day 

 perched about the house. This Sparrow will probably be 

 restricted in its distribution by that of bricks and mortar, as 

 the small native leaf-houses are not suitable to its require- 

 ments, and nice cosy holes in trees are generally tenanted by 

 most undesirable insects and reptiles in tropical lands. 



184. LoxiA LUZONiENsis Grant, Ibis, 1894, p. 516; 1895, 



p. 455. 



The discovery of this Ci'ossbill and the Bullfinch [Pyrrhula 

 leucogenys) was doubtless the most interesting and unexpected 

 success of my Philippine expedition. This small Crossbill is 

 not rare when once the high mountains are reached, the pine- 

 forests {P'lnus insulai'is) being essential to its existence. The 

 Philippine Crossbill begins to build towards the middle of 

 December, and though we found several nests, we were 

 unfortunately unable to secure the eggs. On the 20th of 

 January, when camped out on Monte Data, one of my 



